9129767 Q8T6WMQL 1 apa 50 date desc year Fan 18 https://wenyuanfan.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22XXS63LS7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-01-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAnderson%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Parnell%26%23x2010%3BTurner%2C%20R.%2C%20Sohn%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282025%29.%20Deformation%20on%20Rainbow%20Massif%2C%20Mid%26%23x2010%3BAtlantic%20Ridge%2C%20Illuminated%20With%20Microearthquakes%20Detected%20by%20Machine%20Learning.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E52%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20e2024GL111285.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL111285%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL111285%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Deformation%20on%20Rainbow%20Massif%2C%20Mid%5Cu2010Atlantic%20Ridge%2C%20Illuminated%20With%20Microearthquakes%20Detected%20by%20Machine%20Learning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evan%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ross%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parnell%5Cu2010Turner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sohn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Oceanic%20detachment%20fault%20systems%20are%20characteristic%20of%20slow%5Cu2010spreading%20mid%5Cu2010ocean%20ridges%2C%20where%20reduced%20magma%20supply%20leads%20to%20increased%20extension%20by%20faulting%20and%20exhumation%20of%20oceanic%20core%20complexes%20%28OCCs%29.%20OCCs%20have%20complicated%20structure%20reflecting%20the%20interplay%20between%20magmatic%2C%20hydrothermal%2C%20and%20tectonic%20processes.%20We%20use%20microearthquake%20data%20from%20a%209%5Cu2010month%20ocean%20bottom%20seismometer%20deployment%20to%20image%20deformation%20structures%20in%20the%20Rainbow%20massif%20on%20the%20Mid%5Cu2010Atlantic%20Ridge.%20Using%20a%20machine%5Cu2010learning%20enabled%20workflow%20to%20obtain%20an%20earthquake%20catalog%20containing%2068%2C000%20events%2C%20we%20find%20seismicity%20occurred%20in%20distinct%20clusters%20that%20correlate%20with%20previously%20imaged%20velocity%20anomalies%20and%20dipping%20subsurface%20reflections.%20Our%20results%20are%20consistent%20with%20a%20dipping%20alteration%20front%20within%20the%20massif%20overlying%20late%5Cu2010stage%20intrusions%20and%20suggest%20a%20transpressional%20fault%20accommodates%20a%20non%5Cu2010transform%20offset%20north%20of%20the%20massif.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20OCCs%20continue%20to%20deform%20in%20a%20complex%20way%20after%20a%20detachment%20fault%20has%20been%20abandoned%20due%20to%20combined%20effects%20of%20tectonic%20stresses%2C%20magmatism%2C%20and%20alteration.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20New%20seafloor%20is%20created%20at%20mid%5Cu2010ocean%20ridges%20where%20the%20tectonic%20plates%20spread%20apart.%20When%20ridges%20spread%20relatively%20quickly%2C%20considerable%20volumes%20of%20lava%20are%20erupted%20onto%20the%20seafloor%20to%20accommodate%20plate%20motion.%20When%20spreading%20is%20slower%2C%20less%20magma%20is%20available%2C%20and%20plate%20motion%20can%20instead%20occur%20by%20slip%20on%20kilometer%5Cu2010scale%20faults%20called%20detachments.%20These%20detachment%20fault%20systems%20give%20rise%20to%20many%20tiny%20earthquakes%20whose%20distribution%20changes%20during%20the%20life%5Cu2010cycle%20of%20detachment%20initiation%2C%20long%5Cu2010lived%20slip%2C%20and%20abandonment.%20However%2C%20difficulty%20in%20detecting%20small%5Cu2010magnitude%20earthquakes%20far%20from%20land%20means%20that%20relatively%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20later%20stages%20of%20this%20detachment%20life%20cycle.%20Rainbow%20massif%20on%20the%20Mid%5Cu2010Atlantic%20Ridge%20is%20an%20abandoned%20detachment%20fault%20system%20that%20has%20created%20a%20dome%20which%20rises%20up%201%5Cu00a0km%20above%20the%20surrounding%20seafloor%2C%20and%20was%20surveyed%20and%20monitored%20for%20earthquakes%20in%202013%5Cu20132014.%20Using%20machine%20learning%20techniques%2C%20we%20pinpointed%2068%2C000%20earthquake%20locations%20from%20this%20experiment%2C%20and%20find%20that%20Rainbow%20massif%20dome%20is%20being%20sheared%20apart%20by%20ongoing%20plate%20spreading%20after%20the%20detachment%20has%20stopped%20slipping.%20We%20also%20find%20that%20magma%20and%20hydrothermal%20fluids%20are%20likely%20altering%20the%20rocks%20deep%20inside%20the%20dome.%20These%20results%20help%20us%20to%20understand%20how%20seafloor%20is%20formed%20under%20slow%5Cu2010spreading%20conditions%20globally.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Machine%20learning%5Cu2010enabled%20methods%20yield%20new%20earthquake%20catalog%20of%2068%2C326%20microearthquakes%20at%20Rainbow%20massif%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Seismicity%20resolved%20into%20distinct%20clusters%20that%20correlate%20with%20seismic%20imagery%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Rainbow%20massif%20is%20undergoing%20extension%20with%20a%20seismicity%20pattern%20controlled%20by%20hydrothermal%20and%20magmatic%20processes%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-01-28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024GL111285%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%2C%201944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL111285%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VD7RWWR8%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-02-12T16%3A54%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZH6ULAHJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kutschera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-11-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKutschera%2C%20F.%2C%20Jia%2C%20Z.%2C%20Oryan%2C%20B.%2C%20Wong%2C%20J.%20W.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gabriel%2C%20A.%20%282024%29.%20The%20Multi%26%23x2010%3BSegment%20Complexity%20of%20the%202024%20MW%20%24%7BM%7D_%7BW%7D%24%207.5%20Noto%20Peninsula%20Earthquake%20Governs%20Tsunami%20Generation.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2821%29%2C%20e2024GL109790.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109790%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109790%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Multi%5Cu2010Segment%20Complexity%20of%20the%202024%20MW%20%24%7BM%7D_%7BW%7D%24%207.5%20Noto%20Peninsula%20Earthquake%20Governs%20Tsunami%20Generation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fabian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kutschera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%20Wing%20Ching%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice%5Cu2010Agnes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%201%20January%202024%2C%20moment%20magnitude%20%207.5%20Noto%20Peninsula%20earthquake%20ruptured%20in%20complex%20ways%2C%20challenging%20analysis%20of%20its%20tsunami%20generation.%20We%20present%20tsunami%20models%20informed%20by%20a%206%5Cu2010subevent%20centroid%20moment%20tensor%20%28CMT%29%20model%20obtained%20through%20Bayesian%20inversion%20of%20teleseismic%20and%20strong%20motion%20data.%20We%20identify%20two%20distinct%20bilateral%20rupture%20episodes.%20Initial%2C%20onshore%20rupture%20toward%20the%20southwest%20is%20followed%20by%20delayed%20re%5Cu2010nucleation%20at%20the%20hypocenter%2C%20likely%20aided%20by%20fault%20weakening%2C%20causing%20significant%20seafloor%20uplift%20to%20the%20northeast.%20We%20construct%20a%20complex%20multi%5Cu2010fault%20uplift%20model%2C%20validated%20against%20geodetic%20observations%2C%20that%20aligns%20with%20known%20fault%20system%20geometries%20and%20is%20critical%20in%20modeling%20the%20observed%20tsunami.%20The%20simulations%20can%20explain%20tsunami%20wave%20amplitude%2C%20timing%2C%20and%20polarity%20of%20the%20leading%20wave%2C%20which%20are%20crucial%20for%20tsunami%20early%20warning.%20Upon%20comparison%20with%20alternative%20source%20models%20and%20analysis%20of%202000%20multi%5Cu2010CMT%20ensemble%20solutions%2C%20we%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20incorporating%20complex%20source%20effects%20for%20realistic%20tsunami%20simulations.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%202024%20moment%20magnitude%207.5%20New%20Year%27s%20Day%20Noto%20Peninsula%20earthquake%20ruptured%20a%20complex%2C%20partially%20offshore%20fault%20system%20and%20generated%20a%20tsunami%20in%20the%20Sea%20of%20Japan.%20We%20use%20seismic%20data%20to%20show%20that%20the%20earthquake%20can%20be%20characterized%20by%20six%20distinct%20subevents%2C%20with%20an%20initial%20predominantly%20onshore%20rupture%20propagation%20toward%20the%20southwest%20and%20a%2020%5Cu00a0s%20delayed%20second%20rupture%20onset%20toward%20the%20northeast%2C%20mostly%20offshore.%20This%20second%20rupture%20episode%20is%20critical%20for%20the%20generation%20of%20the%20tsunami.%20We%20use%20the%20information%20we%20gain%20from%20these%20subevents%2C%20such%20as%20location%20and%20faulting%20mechanism%2C%20to%20infer%20the%20seafloor%20movement%2C%20which%20informs%20tsunami%20simulations.%20The%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20earthquake%20rupture%20process%20is%20not%20unique.%20This%20allows%20us%20to%20explore%20the%20influence%20of%20source%20uncertainties%20on%20the%20modeled%20tsunami%2C%20highlighting%20the%20importance%20of%20complex%20source%20effects%20for%20tsunami%20generation.%20The%20need%20for%20complexity%20in%20the%20generation%20of%20the%20tsunami%20becomes%20further%20evident%20when%20we%20compare%20the%20solutions%20against%20other%2C%20rapidly%20available%20models%20of%20the%20earthquake.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20preferred%20model%20matches%20tsunami%20onset%20times%2C%20first%5Cu2010motion%20polarities%2C%20and%20initial%20wave%20amplitudes%2C%20crucial%20aspects%20for%20tsunami%20early%20warning.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20earthquake%20ruptures%20bilaterally%2C%20including%20six%20subevents%2C%20and%20delayed%20re%5Cu2010nucleation%20at%20its%20hypocenter%2C%20consistent%20with%20fault%20weakening%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Our%20multi%5Cu2010fault%20subevent%20model%20aligns%20with%20known%20fault%20system%20geometries%20and%20is%20critical%20in%20explaining%20the%20observed%20tsunami%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Analysis%20of%20alternative%20source%20models%20and%202000%20multi%5Cu2010CMT%20solutions%20shows%20complex%20source%20effects%20are%20important%20for%20realistic%20tsunami%20models%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-11-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024GL109790%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%2C%201944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109790%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U9BYBCRK%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-01-14T22%3A21%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N4NCZYSU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lin%20and%20Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELin%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282024%29.%20Spatiotemporal%20Variations%20of%20In%20Situ%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Ep%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20%5C%2F%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Es%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20Ratios%20During%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20Earthquake%20Sequence%20Suggest%20Fault%20Zone%20Condition%20Changes.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2024GL109171.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109171%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109171%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Spatiotemporal%20Variations%20of%20In%20Situ%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Ep%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20%5C%2F%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Es%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20Ratios%20During%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20Earthquake%20Sequence%20Suggest%20Fault%20Zone%20Condition%20Changes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guoqing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%202019%20Mw%207.1%20Ridgecrest%20earthquake%20was%20the%20largest%20event%20in%20California%20over%20the%20past%2020%5Cu00a0years.%20The%20earthquake%20was%20preceded%20by%20a%20sequence%20of%20foreshocks.%20However%2C%20the%20physical%20processes%20leading%20to%20the%20mainshock%20remain%20unclear.%20Here%2C%20we%20image%20the%20ratios%20of%20compressional%20%28P%29%5Cu2010%20to%20shear%20%28S%29%5Cu2010wave%20velocity%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20in%20the%20fault%20zones%20and%20examine%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20evolution%20of%20near%5Cu2010source%20material%20properties%20during%20the%20Ridgecrest%20earthquake%20sequence.%20We%20find%20that%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ratios%20are%20spatially%20homogeneous%20in%20the%20rupture%20zones%2C%20indicating%20a%20lack%20of%20fault%5Cu2010zone%20material%20difference%20along%20strike.%20We%20identify%20an%20anomalously%20low%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ratio%20fault%20patch%20near%20the%20mainshock%20hypocenter%20before%20its%20occurrence%2C%20which%20returned%20to%20the%20background%20value%20after%20the%20earthquake.%20This%20low%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ratio%20suggests%20fluid%20overpressure%2C%20which%20may%20have%20facilitated%20the%20nucleation%20of%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20mainshock.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Understanding%20the%20earthquake%20nucleation%20process%20has%20direct%20implications%20for%20earthquake%20physics%20and%20seismic%20hazards.%20Specifically%2C%20identifying%20the%20geophysical%20processes%20within%20fault%20zones%20that%20precede%20and%20result%20in%20subsequent%20earthquakes%20has%20been%20of%20great%20interest%20to%20the%20earthquake%20science%20community.%20This%20study%20explores%20how%20the%20ratio%20of%20compressional%20%28P%29%20wave%20speed%20to%20shear%20%28S%29%20wave%20speed%20changes%20in%20both%20space%20and%20time%20and%20their%20correlations%20with%20the%20subsequent%20seismicity%20evolution%2C%20focusing%20on%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20earthquake%20sequence%20in%20California.%20In%20most%20slipping%20areas%20of%20the%20earthquakes%2C%20the%20P%5Cu2010wave%20to%20S%5Cu2010wave%20speed%20ratios%20are%20relatively%20uniform.%20However%2C%20in%20places%20where%20faults%20end%2C%20cross%20each%20other%2C%20or%20change%20direction%2C%20we%20observe%20unusual%20values.%20We%20find%20high%20ratios%20near%20the%20three%20major%20earthquakes%20on%20a%20small%20scale.%20Additionally%2C%20the%20ratios%20change%20where%20the%20main%20earthquake%20%28magnitude%207.1%29%20initiated.%20The%20ratios%20are%20low%20between%20a%20moderate%20%28magnitude%205.4%29%20and%20the%20main%20%28magnitude%207.1%29%20earthquake%20and%20increase%20after%20the%20main%20earthquake%2C%20indicating%20the%20presence%20of%20over%5Cu2010pressurized%20fluids%20near%20the%20earthquake%20source.%20The%20associated%20high%20pore%20pressure%20might%20have%20helped%20nucleate%20the%20Ridgecrest%20mainshock.%20Our%20findings%20show%20that%20these%20speed%20ratios%20can%20be%20highly%20sensitive%20to%20seismic%20activities%20and%20could%20help%20us%20better%20understand%20how%20earthquakes%20start.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20examine%20the%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20evolution%20of%20near%5Cu2010source%20material%20properties%20during%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20earthquake%20sequence%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20spatially%20homogeneous%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ratios%20in%20the%20rupture%20zones%20indicate%20little%20structural%20resistance%20during%20the%20earthquake%20ruptures%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20temporal%20changes%20in%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5C%2F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20V%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ratios%20suggest%20fluid%20presence%2C%20which%20may%20have%20facilitated%20the%20nucleation%20of%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20mainshock%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-05-28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024GL109171%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%2C%201944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024GL109171%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-06-10T21%3A11%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6QUG2WK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wong%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWong%2C%20J.%20W.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gabriel%2C%20A.%20%282024%29.%20A%20Quantitative%20Comparison%20and%20Validation%20of%20Finite%26%23x2010%3BFault%20Models%3A%20The%202011%20Tohoku%26%23x2010%3BOki%20Earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e2024JB029212.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024JB029212%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024JB029212%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Quantitative%20Comparison%20and%20Validation%20of%20Finite%5Cu2010Fault%20Models%3A%20The%202011%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20Earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%20Wing%20Ching%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice%5Cu2010Agnes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Large%20earthquakes%20rupture%20faults%20over%20hundreds%20of%20kilometers%20within%20minutes.%20Finite%5Cu2010fault%20models%20image%20these%20processes%20and%20provide%20observational%20constraints%20for%20understanding%20earthquake%20physics.%20However%2C%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20inversions%20are%20subject%20to%20non%5Cu2010uniqueness%20and%20uncertainties.%20The%20diverse%20range%20of%20published%20models%20for%20the%20well%5Cu2010recorded%202011%20%209.0%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake%20illustrates%20this%20challenge%2C%20and%20its%20rupture%20process%20remains%20under%20debate.%20Here%2C%20we%20comprehensively%20compare%2032%20published%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20models%20of%20the%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake.%20We%20aim%20to%20identify%20the%20most%20coherent%20slip%20features%20of%20the%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake%20from%20these%20slip%20models%20and%20develop%20a%20new%20method%20for%20quantitatively%20analyzing%20their%20variations.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20models%20correlate%20poorly%20at%201%5Cu2010km%20subfault%20size%2C%20irrespective%20of%20the%20data%20type.%20In%20contrast%2C%20model%20agreement%20improves%20significantly%20with%20increasing%20subfault%20sizes%2C%20consistently%20showing%20that%20the%20largest%20slip%20occurs%20up%5Cu2010dip%20of%20the%20hypocenter%20near%20the%20trench.%20We%20use%20the%20set%20of%20models%20to%20test%20the%20sensitivity%20of%20available%20teleseismic%2C%20regional%20seismic%2C%20and%20geodetic%20observations.%20For%20the%20large%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake%2C%20we%20find%20that%20the%20analyzed%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20models%20are%20less%20sensitive%20to%20slip%20features%20smaller%20than%2064%5Cu00a0km.%20When%20we%20use%20the%20models%20to%20compute%20synthetic%20seafloor%20deformation%2C%20we%20observe%20strong%20variations%20in%20the%20synthetics%2C%20suggesting%20their%20sensitivity%20to%20small%5Cu2010scale%20slip%20features.%20Our%20newly%20developed%20approach%20offers%20a%20quantitative%20framework%20to%20identify%20common%20features%20in%20distinct%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20slip%20models%20and%20to%20analyze%20their%20robustness%20using%20regional%20and%20global%20geophysical%20observations%20for%20megathrust%20earthquakes.%20Our%20results%20indicate%20that%20dense%20offshore%20instrumentation%20is%20critical%20for%20resolving%20the%20rupture%20complexities%20of%20megathrust%20earthquakes.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Large%20earthquakes%20often%20rupture%20in%20unexpected%20ways%20across%20extensive%20areas%20of%20faults.%20Scientists%20use%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20models%20to%20resolve%20these%20processes%20in%20detail.%20These%20models%20use%20different%20observations%20to%20help%20us%20understand%20earthquakes%20and%20plan%20for%20future%20hazard%20mitigation%20and%20risk%20management.%20However%2C%20these%20models%20are%20not%20perfect%3A%20they%20are%20often%20challenging%20to%20resolve%2C%20and%20different%20models%20of%20the%20same%20earthquake%20can%20show%20very%20different%20results.%20For%20example%2C%20many%20different%20models%20have%20been%20published%20for%20the%202011%20%209.0%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake%2C%20each%20showing%20varying%20%5Cu201cslip%20features%5Cu201d%20of%20how%20the%20megathrust%20moved%20during%20the%20same%20event.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20quantitatively%20compare%2032%20of%20these%20models%20of%20this%20earthquake%20with%20each%20other%20and%20with%20observations%20in%20a%20new%20and%20systematic%20way.%20The%20models%20show%20coherent%20features%20at%20a%20scale%20of%2064%5Cu00a0km%20while%20disagreeing%20on%20the%20smaller%2C%20fine%5Cu2010scale%20details.%20We%20find%20that%20such%20fine%5Cu2010scale%20features%20of%20the%20earthquake%20cannot%20be%20uniquely%20resolved%20by%20the%20commonly%20used%20remote%20observations%2C%20such%20as%20geodetic%2C%20regional%20seismic%5Cu2010geodetic%2C%20teleseismic%2C%20and%20tsunami%20data.%20Our%20study%20suggests%20that%20to%20better%20understand%20large%20megathrust%20earthquakes%2C%20dense%20networks%20of%20instruments%20placed%20directly%20offshore%20close%20to%20the%20megathrust%20are%20needed%20for%20robustly%20resolving%20their%20rupture%20processes.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20evaluate%2032%20finite%5Cu2010fault%20models%20of%20the%202011%20Tohoku%5Cu2010Oki%20earthquake%2C%20using%20realistic%20slab%20geometry%20and%20varying%20spatial%20resolution%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20models%20show%20strong%20agreement%20on%20large%5Cu2010scale%20slip%20features%2C%20but%20significant%20variability%20arises%20from%20small%5Cu2010scale%20secondary%20slip%20features%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20evaluate%20the%20ability%20to%20resolve%20model%20variability%20using%20geodetic%2C%20regional%20seismic%2C%20teleseismic%2C%20and%20offshore%20uplift%20observational%20data%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2024JB029212%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2024JB029212%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22U9BYBCRK%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-22T16%3A39%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AH89VT6V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-04-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282023%29.%20Combining%20Love%20and%20Rayleigh%20waves%20in%20detecting%20and%20locating%20seismic%20sources.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E234%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%202394%26%23x2013%3B2410.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggad250%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggad250%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Combining%20Love%20and%20Rayleigh%20waves%20in%20detecting%20and%20locating%20seismic%20sources%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22SUMMARY%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Surface%20waves%20are%20critical%20in%20detecting%20and%20locating%20seismic%20sources%20that%20do%20not%20produce%20much%20high-frequency%20radiation.%20For%20such%20sources%2C%20typical%20approaches%20using%20body%20waves%20for%20detecting%20and%20locating%20earthquakes%20are%20less%20effective.%20Slow%20earthquakes%20and%20exotic%20seismic%20sources%20often%20have%20this%20seismic%20radiation%20characteristic%2C%20and%20array%20analyses%20of%20surface%20waves%20recorded%20on%20global%20and%20regional%20seismic%20networks%20have%20proven%20effective%20in%20recognizing%20such%20sources.%20Most%20approaches%20have%20relied%20on%20Rayleigh%20waves%2C%20whereas%20Love%20waves%20have%20rarely%20been%20used.%20Here%20we%20develop%20a%20new%20approach%20using%20multiscale%20arrays%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20seismic%20sources%20with%20both%20Love%20and%20Rayleigh%20surface%20waves.%20The%20method%20first%20forms%20three-station%20subarrays%20and%20then%20uses%20three-component%20records%20of%20the%20stations%20to%20independently%20estimate%20three%20sets%20of%20surface%20wave%20propagation%20directions%20and%20centroid%20arrival%20times.%20The%20subarray%20estimates%20are%20then%20assembled%20to%20locate%20seismic%20sources%20and%20their%20origin%20times.%20We%20find%20that%20using%20multiple%2C%20disconnected%20global%20networks%20improves%20location%20accuracy%20and%20that%20using%20both%20types%20of%20surface%20waves%20can%20enhance%20detection%20sensitivity%20and%20robustness.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-04-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggad250%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%2C%201365-246X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F234%5C%2F3%5C%2F2394%5C%2F7206402%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-13T00%3A31%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LGITG2Y3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jia%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJia%2C%20Z.%2C%20Jin%2C%20Z.%2C%20Marchandon%2C%20M.%2C%20Ulrich%2C%20T.%2C%20Gabriel%2C%20A.-A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20Shearer%2C%20P.%2C%20Zou%2C%20X.%2C%20Rekoske%2C%20J.%2C%20Bulut%2C%20F.%2C%20Garagon%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fialko%2C%20Y.%20%282023%29.%20The%20complex%20dynamics%20of%20the%202023%20Kahramanmara%26%23x15F%3B%2C%20Turkey%2C%20%3Ci%3EM%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3Ew%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%207.8-7.7%20earthquake%20doublet.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E381%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286661%29%2C%20985%26%23x2013%3B990.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.adi0685%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.adi0685%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20complex%20dynamics%20of%20the%202023%20Kahramanmara%5Cu015f%2C%20Turkey%2C%20%3Ci%3EM%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3Ew%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%207.8-7.7%20earthquake%20doublet%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zeyu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathilde%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ulrich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alice-Agnes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gabriel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaoyu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rekoske%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fatih%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bulut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Asl%5Cu0131%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garagon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fialko%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20destructive%202023%20moment%20magnitude%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20w%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%207.8-7.7%20earthquake%20doublet%20ruptured%20multiple%20segments%20of%20the%20East%20Anatolian%20Fault%20system%20in%20Turkey.%20We%20integrated%20multiscale%20seismic%20and%20space-geodetic%20observations%20with%20multifault%20kinematic%20inversions%20and%20dynamic%20rupture%20modeling%20to%20unravel%20the%20events%5Cu2019%20complex%20rupture%20history%20and%20stress-mediated%20fault%20interactions.%20Our%20analysis%20reveals%20three%20subshear%20slip%20episodes%20during%20the%20initial%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20w%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%207.8%20earthquake%20with%20a%20delayed%20rupture%20initiation%20to%20the%20southwest.%20The%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20w%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%207.7%20event%20occurred%209%20hours%20later%20with%20a%20larger%20slip%20and%20supershear%20rupture%20on%20its%20western%20branch.%20Mechanically%20consistent%20dynamic%20models%20accounting%20for%20fault%20interactions%20can%20explain%20the%20unexpected%20rupture%20paths%20and%20require%20a%20heterogeneous%20background%20stress.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20combining%20near-%20and%20far-field%20observations%20with%20data-driven%20and%20physics-based%20models%20for%20seismic%20hazard%20assessment.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Editor%5Cu2019s%20summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Kahramanmara%5Cu015f%20earthquake%20sequence%20in%20Turkey%20on%206%20February%202023%20caused%20a%20tremendous%20amount%20of%20damage%20and%20loss%20of%20life.%20The%20sequence%20occurred%20across%20several%20faults%2C%20including%20and%20associated%20with%20the%20East%20Anatolian%20Fault%2C%20a%20strike-slip%20fault%20that%20has%20had%20many%20major%20earthquakes%20in%20the%20past.%20Jia%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20et%20al%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20used%20an%20array%20of%20geophysical%20observations%20to%20produce%20models%20of%20how%20the%20ruptures%20occurred.%20The%20earthquake%20sequence%20ruptured%20at%20least%20six%20faults%2C%20including%20a%20large%20portion%20of%20the%20East%20Anatolian%20Fault.%20The%20rupture%20sequence%20was%20complex%20and%20contained%20surprises%20in%20the%20details%20of%20how%20the%20rupture%20occurred.%20These%20observations%20and%20models%20are%20important%20for%20understanding%20strike-slip%20faults%20and%20forecasting%20seismic%20hazards.%20%5Cu2014Brent%20Grocholski%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Kahramanmara%5Cu015f%20earthquake%20sequence%20was%20a%20complex%20set%20of%20ruptures%20that%20resulted%20in%20a%20large%20amount%20of%20damage%20and%20casualties.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.adi0685%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220036-8075%2C%201095-9203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.science.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.adi0685%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22ER9IPD6F%22%2C%22U9BYBCRK%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-22T22%3A01%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223MB6ER6R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gong%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGong%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Parnell%26%23x2010%3BTurner%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20Machine%20Learning%26%23x2010%3BBased%20New%20Earthquake%20Catalog%20Illuminates%20On%26%23x2010%3BFault%20and%20Off%26%23x2010%3BFault%20Seismicity%20Patterns%20at%20the%20Discovery%20Transform%20Fault%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise.%20%3Ci%3EGeochemistry%2C%20Geophysics%2C%20Geosystems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%20e2023GC011043.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GC011043%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GC011043%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Machine%20Learning%5Cu2010Based%20New%20Earthquake%20Catalog%20Illuminates%20On%5Cu2010Fault%20and%20Off%5Cu2010Fault%20Seismicity%20Patterns%20at%20the%20Discovery%20Transform%20Fault%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jianhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ross%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parnell%5Cu2010Turner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Oceanic%20transform%20faults%20connect%20spreading%20centers%20and%20are%20imprinted%20with%20previous%20tectonic%20events.%20However%2C%20their%20tectonic%20interactions%20are%20not%20well%20understood%20due%20to%20limited%20observations.%20The%20Discovery%20transform%20fault%20system%20at%204%5Cu00b0S%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%20%28EPR%29%2C%20represents%20a%20young%20transform%20system%2C%20offering%20a%20unique%20opportunity%20to%20study%20the%20interplay%20between%20faulting%20and%20other%20tectonic%20events%20at%20an%20early%20phases%20of%20an%20oceanic%20transform%20system.%20Discovery%20regularly%20hosts%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%205%5Cu20136%20characteristic%20earthquakes%2C%20and%20the%20seafloor%20north%20of%20Discovery%20includes%20a%2035%5Cu00a0km%5Cu2010long%20rift%20zone%20that%20records%20a%20complex%20history%20of%20rifting%2C%20faulting%20and%20volcanism%2C%20suggesting%20that%20the%20transform%20faults%20likely%20interact%20with%20regional%20tectonic%20activity.%20We%20apply%20a%20machine%5Cu2010learning%20enabled%20workflow%20to%20locate%2021%2C391%20earthquakes%20recorded%20during%20a%201%5Cu2010year%20ocean%20bottom%20seismometer%20experiment%20in%202008.%20Our%20results%20indicate%20that%20seismicity%20on%20the%20western%20Discovery%20fault%20is%20separated%20into%20seven%20patches%20with%20distinct%20aseismic%20and%20seismic%20slip%20modes.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20observe%20a%20patch%20of%20off%5Cu2010fault%20seismicity%20near%20where%20seafloor%20abyssal%20hills%20intersect%20the%20rift%20zone.%20This%20seismicity%20may%20have%20been%20caused%20by%20varying%20opening%20rates%20as%20spreading%20rate%20decreases%20from%20north%20to%20south%20in%20the%20rift%20zone.%20Our%20findings%20suggest%20that%20the%20Discovery%20system%20is%20still%20evolving%2C%20and%20that%20system%20equilibrium%20has%20not%20been%20reached%20between%20rifting%20and%20faulting.%20These%20results%20reflect%20the%20complex%20yet%20rarely%20observed%20interactions%20between%20fault%20slip%2C%20plate%20rotation%2C%20and%20rifting%20which%20are%20likely%20ubiquitous%20at%20oceanic%20transform%20systems.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Oceanic%20transform%20faults%20are%20major%20plate%20boundaries%20connecting%20mid%5Cu2010ocean%20ridges.%20Despite%20their%20important%20role%20in%20plate%20tectonics%2C%20their%20interactions%20with%20adjacent%20mid%5Cu2010ocean%20ridges%20and%20surrounding%20oceanic%20plates%20are%20not%20well%20understood.%20The%20Discovery%20transform%20fault%20system%20at%204%5Cu00b0S%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%2C%20is%20a%20young%20oceanic%20transform%20system%20formed%20approximately%201%5Cu00a0My%20ago%2C%20offering%20a%20unique%20opportunity%20to%20study%20the%20interplay%20between%20faulting%20and%20other%20tectonic%20events%20at%20an%20early%20phase%20of%20an%20OTF.%20Discovery%20faults%20have%20quasi%5Cu2010periodical%20magnitude%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%205%5Cu20136%20earthquakes.%20Using%20ocean%20bottom%20seismometer%20data%20recorded%20over%201%5Cu00a0year%2C%20we%20find%20that%20seismicity%20of%20the%20western%20Discovery%20fault%20can%20be%20grouped%20into%20seven%20patches%2C%20indicating%20division%20of%20alternating%20slip%20modes%20that%20either%20releases%20tectonic%20strain%20by%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0%3E%5Cu00a05%20earthquakes%20or%20creep%20steadily.%20North%20of%20the%20western%20Discovery%20fault%2C%20a%20%5Cu223c10%5Cu00a0km%20wide%20rift%20zone%2C%20abundant%20seamounts%2C%20and%20abyssal%20hills%20form%20an%20interactive%20tectonic%20complex.%20We%20observe%20a%20patch%20of%20off%5Cu2010fault%20seismicity%20coinciding%20with%20seafloor%20abyssal%20hills%20near%20their%20intersection%20with%20the%20rift%20zone.%20This%20off%5Cu2010fault%20seismicity%20indicates%20ongoing%20deformation%20within%20the%20oceanic%20plate%20and%20possible%20spatial%20variations%20in%20rifting%20rates.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20Discovery%20system%20is%20still%20evolving%20with%20rifting%20and%20faulting%20accommodating%20plate%20spreading%20simultaneously.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20western%20Discovery%20transform%20fault%20has%20seven%20patches%20that%20are%20likely%20dominated%20by%20alternating%20seismic%20and%20aseismic%20slip%20modes%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Machine%5Cu2010learning%20method%20helps%20to%20identify%20off%5Cu2010fault%20seismicity%20along%20abyssal%20hills%2C%20indicating%20ongoing%20deformation%20within%20the%20oceanic%20plate%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Discovery%20transform%20system%20is%20young%20and%20still%20evolving%2C%20forming%20an%20interactive%20system%20with%20faulting%2C%20rifting%2C%20and%20plate%20rotation%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023GC011043%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221525-2027%2C%201525-2027%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023GC011043%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VD7RWWR8%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-25T15%3A49%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225KUQCVD3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeSalvio%20and%20Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeSalvio%2C%20N.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282023%29.%20Ubiquitous%20Earthquake%20Dynamic%20Triggering%20in%20Southern%20California.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20e2023JB026487.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JB026487%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JB026487%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ubiquitous%20Earthquake%20Dynamic%20Triggering%20in%20Southern%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeSalvio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JB026487%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JB026487%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A04%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TDTRTGZC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20T.%2C%20Gong%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lin%2C%20G.%20%282023%29.%20In%26%23x2010%3BSitu%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Ep%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20%5C%2F%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Es%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20Reveals%20Fault%26%23x2010%3BZone%20Material%20Variation%20at%20the%20Westernmost%20Gofar%20Transform%20Fault%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2022JB025310.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025310%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025310%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22In%5Cu2010Situ%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Ep%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20%5C%2F%20%3Ci%3EV%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Csub%3E%20%3Ci%3Es%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fsub%3E%20Reveals%20Fault%5Cu2010Zone%20Material%20Variation%20at%20the%20Westernmost%20Gofar%20Transform%20Fault%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tianze%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jianhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guoqing%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JB025310%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025310%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-11T23%3A35%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229DMXE8YF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shearer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShearer%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20Meng%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282023%29.%20Earthquake%20Detection%20Using%20a%20Nodal%20Array%20on%20the%20San%20Jacinto%20Fault%20in%20California%3A%20Evidence%20for%20High%20Foreshock%20Rates%20Preceding%20Many%20Events.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2022JB025279.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025279%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025279%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Earthquake%20Detection%20Using%20a%20Nodal%20Array%20on%20the%20San%20Jacinto%20Fault%20in%20California%3A%20Evidence%20for%20High%20Foreshock%20Rates%20Preceding%20Many%20Events%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haoran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JB025279%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB025279%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-10T22%3A41%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224BMH48IK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Luo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELuo%2C%20X.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fialko%2C%20Y.%20%282023%29.%20A%20Joint%20Seismic%20and%20Space%26%23x2010%3BBased%20Investigation%20of%20the%202016%20Lamplugh%20Glacier%20and%202017%20Wrangell%20Mountains%20%28Alaska%29%20Landslides.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E128%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2022JF006903.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006903%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006903%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Joint%20Seismic%20and%20Space%5Cu2010Based%20Investigation%20of%20the%202016%20Lamplugh%20Glacier%20and%202017%20Wrangell%20Mountains%20%28Alaska%29%20Landslides%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xinyu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fialko%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JF006903%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9003%2C%202169-9011%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JF006903%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ER9IPD6F%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-07T20%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q8TXW4PN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Neo%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENeo%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Huang%2C%20Y.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dowling%2C%20D.%20%282022%29.%20Frequency-difference%20backprojection%20of%20earthquakes.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E231%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%202173%26%23x2013%3B2185.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac323%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac323%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frequency-difference%20backprojection%20of%20earthquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dowling%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Backprojection%20has%20proven%20useful%20in%20imaging%20large%20earthquake%20rupture%20processes.%20The%20method%20is%20generally%20robust%20and%20requires%20relatively%20simple%20assumptions%20about%20the%20fault%20geometry%20or%20the%20Earth%20velocity%20model.%20It%20can%20be%20applied%20in%20both%20the%20time%20and%20frequency%20domain.%20Backprojection%20images%20are%20often%20obtained%20from%20records%20filtered%20in%20a%20narrow%20frequency%20band%2C%20limiting%20its%20ability%20to%20uncover%20the%20whole%20rupture%20process.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20and%20apply%20a%20novel%20frequency-difference%20backprojection%20%28FDBP%29%20technique%20to%20image%20large%20earthquakes%2C%20which%20imitates%20frequencies%20below%20the%20bandwidth%20of%20the%20signal.%20The%20new%20approach%20originates%20from%20frequency-difference%20beamforming%2C%20which%20was%20initially%20designed%20to%20locate%20acoustic%20sources.%20Our%20method%20stacks%20the%20phase-difference%20of%20frequency%20pairs%2C%20given%20by%20the%20autoproduct%2C%20and%20is%20less%20affected%20by%20scattering%20and%20-time%20errors%20from%203-D%20Earth%20structures.%20It%20can%20potentially%20locate%20sources%20more%20accurately%2C%20albeit%20with%20lower%20resolution.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20first%20develop%20the%20FDBP%20algorithm%20and%20then%20validate%20it%20by%20performing%20synthetic%20tests.%20We%20further%20compare%20two%20stacking%20techniques%20of%20the%20FDBP%20method%2C%20Band%20Width%20Averaged%20Autoproduct%20and%20its%20counterpart%20%28BWAP%20and%20non-BWAP%29%2C%20and%20their%20effects%20in%20the%20backprojection%20images.%20We%20then%20apply%20both%20the%20FDBP%20and%20conventional%20backprojection%20methods%20to%20the%202015%20M7.8%20Gorkha%20earthquake%20as%20a%20case%20study.%20The%20backprojection%20results%20from%20the%20two%20methods%20agree%20well%20with%20each%20other%2C%20and%20we%20find%20that%20the%20peak%20radiation%20loci%20of%20the%20FDBP%20non-BWAP%20snapshots%20have%20standard%20error%20of%20less%20than%200.33%20degrees%20during%20the%20rupture%20process.%20The%20FDBP%20method%20shows%20promise%20in%20resolving%20complex%20earthquake%20rupture%20processes%20in%20tectonically%20complex%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac323%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NSS6MD56%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Barbour%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20McGuire%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Huang%2C%20Y.%20H.%2C%20Lin%2C%20G.%20Q.%2C%20Cochran%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Okuwaki%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Very%20low%20frequency%20earthquakes%20in%20between%20the%20seismogenic%20and%20tremor%20zones%20in%20Cascadia%3F%20%3Ci%3EAgu%20Advances%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2019.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021av000607%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021av000607%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Very%20low%20frequency%20earthquakes%20in%20between%20the%20seismogenic%20and%20tremor%20zones%20in%20Cascadia%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Megathrust%20earthquakes%20and%20their%20associated%20tsunamis%20cause%20some%20of%20the%20worst%20natural%20disasters.%20In%20addition%20to%20earthquakes%2C%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20slip%20behaviors%20are%20present%20at%20subduction%20zones%2C%20including%20slow%20earthquakes%20that%20span%20multiple%20orders%20of%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales.%20Understanding%20these%20events%20may%20shed%20light%20on%20the%20stress%20or%20strength%20conditions%20of%20the%20megathrust%20fault.%20Out%20of%20all%20types%20of%20slow%20earthquakes%2C%20very%20low%20frequency%20earthquakes%20%28VLFEs%29%20are%20most%20enigmatic%20because%20they%20are%20difficult%20to%20detect%20reliably%2C%20and%20the%20physical%20nature%20of%20VLFEs%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%20we%20show%20three%20VLFEs%20in%20Cascadia%20that%20were%20dynamically%20triggered%20by%20a%202009%20Mw%206.9%20Canal%20de%20Ballenas%20earthquake%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20California.%20The%20VLFEs%20likely%20locate%20in%20between%20the%20seismogenic%20zone%20and%20the%20Cascadia%20episodic%20tremor%20and%20slip%20%28ETS%29%20zone%2C%20including%20one%20event%20with%20a%20moment%20magnitude%20of%205.7.%20This%20is%20the%20largest%20VLFE%20reported%20to%20date%2C%20causing%20clear%20geodetic%20signals.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20the%20Cascadia%20megathrust%20fault%20might%20slip%20rapidly%20at%20some%20spots%20in%20this%20gap%20zone%2C%20and%20such%20a%20permissible%20slip%20behavior%20has%20direct%20seismic%20hazard%20implications%20for%20coastal%20communities%20and%20perhaps%20further%20inland.%20Further%2C%20the%20observed%20seismic%20sources%20may%20represent%20a%20new%20class%20of%20slip%20events%2C%20whose%20characteristics%20do%20not%20fit%20current%20understandings%20of%20slow%20or%20regular%20earthquakes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021av000607%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SM9LEQVS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Okuwaki%2C%20R.%2C%20Barbour%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Huang%2C%20Y.%20H.%2C%20Lin%2C%20G.%20Q.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cochran%2C%20E.%20S.%20%282022%29.%20Fast%20rupture%20of%20the%202009%20M-w%206.9%20Canal%20de%20Ballenas%20earthquake%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20California%20dynamically%20triggers%20seismicity%20in%20California.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E230%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20528%26%23x2013%3B541.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac059%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac059%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fast%20rupture%20of%20the%202009%20M-w%206.9%20Canal%20de%20Ballenas%20earthquake%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20California%20dynamically%20triggers%20seismicity%20in%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochran%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20the%20Gulf%20of%20California%2C%20Mexico%2C%20the%20relative%20motion%20across%20the%20North%20America-Pacific%20boundary%20is%20accommodated%20by%20a%20series%20of%20marine%20transform%20faults%20and%20spreading%20centres.%20About%2040%20M%3E%206%20earthquakes%20have%20occurred%20in%20the%20region%20since%201960.%20On%202009%20August%203%2C%20an%20M-w%206.9%20earthquake%20occurred%20near%20Canal%20de%20Ballenas%20in%20the%20region.%20The%20earthquake%20was%20a%20strike-slip%20event%20with%20a%20shallow%20hypocentre%20that%20is%20likely%20close%20to%20the%20seafloor.%20In%20contrast%20to%20an%20adjacent%20M7%20earthquake%2C%20this%20earthquake%20triggered%20a%20ground-motion-based%20earthquake%20early%20warning%20algorithm%20being%20tested%20in%20southern%20California%20%28similar%20to%20600%20km%20away%29.%20This%20observation%20suggests%20that%20the%20abnormally%20large%20ground%20motions%20and%20dynamic%20strains%20observed%20for%20this%20earthquake%20relate%20to%20its%20rupture%20properties.%20To%20investigate%20this%20possibility%2C%20we%20image%20the%20rupture%20process%20and%20resolve%20the%20slip%20distribution%20of%20the%20event%20using%20a%20P-wave%20backprojection%20approach%20and%20a%20teleseismic%2C%20finite-fault%20inversion%20method.%20Results%20from%20these%20two%20independent%20analyses%20indicate%20a%20relatively%20simple%2C%20unilateral%20rupture%20propagation%20directed%20along-strike%20in%20the%20northward%20direction.%20However%2C%20the%20average%20rupture%20speed%20is%20estimated%20around%204%20km%20s%28-1%29%2C%20suggesting%20a%20possible%20supershear%20rupture.%20The%20supershear%20speed%20is%20also%20supported%20by%20a%20Rayleigh%20wave%20Mach%20cone%20analysis%2C%20although%20uncertainties%20in%20local%20velocity%20structure%20preclude%20a%20definitive%20conclusion.%20The%20Canal%20de%20Ballenas%20earthquake%20dynamically%20triggered%20seismicity%20at%20multiple%20sites%20in%20California%2C%20with%20triggering%20response%20characteristics%20varying%20from%20location-to-location.%20For%20instance%2C%20some%20of%20the%20triggered%20earthquakes%20in%20California%20occurred%20up%20to%2024%20hr%20later%2C%20suggesting%20that%20nonlinear%20triggering%20mechanisms%20likely%20have%20modulated%20their%20occurrence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggac059%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MMEPGCPI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELin%2C%20G.%20Q.%2C%20Huer%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3Eo%2C%20V.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%20%282022%29.%20Crustal%20architecture%20of%20Puerto%20Rico%20using%20body-wave%20seismic%20tomography%20and%20high-resolution%20earthquake%20relocation.%20%3Ci%3ESeismological%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E93%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282A%29%2C%20555%26%23x2013%3B566.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1785%5C%2F0220210223%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1785%5C%2F0220210223%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Crustal%20architecture%20of%20Puerto%20Rico%20using%20body-wave%20seismic%20tomography%20and%20high-resolution%20earthquake%20relocation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huerfano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Puerto%20Rico%20is%20a%20highly%20seismically%20active%20island%2C%20where%20several%20damaging%20historical%20earthquakes%20have%20occurred%20and%20frequent%20small%20events%20persist.%20It%20situates%20at%20the%20boundary%20between%20the%20Caribbean%20and%20North%20American%20plates%2C%20featuring%20a%20complex%20fault%20system.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20seismotectonic%20crustal%20structure%20of%20the%20island%20by%20interpreting%20the%203D%20compressional-wave%20velocity%20VP%20and%20compressional-%20to%20shear-wave%20velocity%20ratio%20VP%5C%2FVS%20models%20and%20by%20analyzing%20the%20distribution%20of%20the%20relocated%20earthquakes.%20The%203D%20velocity%20models%20are%20obtained%20by%20applying%20the%20simul2000%20tomographic%20inversion%20algorithm%20based%20on%20the%20phase%20arrivals%20recorded%20by%20the%20Puerto%20Rico%20seismic%20network.%20We%20find%20high-VP%20and%20low-VP%5C%2F%20VS%20anomalies%20in%20the%20eastern%20and%20central%20province%20between%20the%20Great%20Northern%20Puerto%20Rico%20fault%20zone%20and%20the%20Great%20Southern%20Puerto%20Rico%20fault%20zone%2C%20correlating%20with%20the%20Utuado%20pluton.%20Further%2C%20there%20are%20low-VP%20anomalies%20beneath%20both%20the%20Great%20Southern%20Puerto%20Rico%20fault%20zone%20and%20the%20South%20Lajas%20fault%2C%20indicating%20northerly%20dipping%20structures%20from%20the%20southwest%20to%20the%20northwest%20of%20the%20island.%20We%20relocate%2019%2C095%20earthquakes%20from%20May%202017%20to%20April%202021%20using%20the%20new%203D%20velocity%20model%20and%20waveform%20cross-correlation%20data.%20The%20relocated%20seismicity%20shows%20trends%20along%20the%20Investigator%20fault%2C%20the%20Ponce%20faults%2C%20the%20Guayanilla%20rift%2C%20and%20the%20Punta%20Montalva%20fault.%20The%20majority%20of%20the%202019-2021%20Southwestern%20Puerto%20Rico%20earthquakes%20are%20associated%20with%20the%20Punta%20Montalva%20fault.%20Earthquakes%20forming%2017%20degrees%20northward-dipping%20structures%20at%20various%20depths%20possibly%20manifest%20continuation%20of%20the%20Muertos%20trough%2C%20along%20which%20the%20Caribbean%20plate%20is%20being%20subducted%20beneath%20the%20Puerto%20Rico%20microplate.%20Our%20results%20show%20complex%20fault%20geometries%20of%20a%20diffuse%20fault%20network%2C%20suggesting%20possible%20subduction%20process%20accommodated%20by%20faults%20within%20a%20low-velocity%20zone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1785%5C%2F0220210223%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220895-0695%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SVLQQVTV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gong%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGong%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Parnell-Turner%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Microseismicity%20indicates%20atypical%20small-scale%20plate%20rotation%20at%20the%20Quebrada%20Transform%20Fault%20System%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%2014.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl097000%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl097000%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microseismicity%20indicates%20atypical%20small-scale%20plate%20rotation%20at%20the%20Quebrada%20Transform%20Fault%20System%2C%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parnell-Turner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Closely%20spaced%2C%20multi-strand%20ridge%20transform%20faults%20%28RTFs%29%20accommodate%20relative%20motions%20along%20fast%20spreading%20mid-ocean%20ridges.%20However%2C%20the%20relations%20between%20RTFs%20and%20plate%20spreading%20dynamics%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20The%20Quebrada%20system%20is%20one%20of%20the%20most%20unique%20RTF%20systems%20at%20the%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%2C%20consisting%20of%20four%20transform%20faults%20connected%20by%20three%20short%20intra-transform%20spreading%20centers%20%28ITSCs%29.%20We%20use%20seven-months%20of%20ocean%20bottom%20seismograph%20data%20to%20study%20the%20Quebrada%20system%2C%20and%20find%20abundant%20earthquakes%20unevenly%20distributed%20among%20three%20active%20faults.%20We%20identify%20two%20deep%2C%20diffuse%20seismicity%20clouds%20at%20the%20inside%20corners%20of%20the%20ITSC-transform%20fault%20intersections%2C%20and%20one%20seismically%20active%20fracture%20zone.%20The%20observations%20suggest%20a%20complex%20regional%20plate-motion%20pattern%2C%20including%20possible%20heterogeneous%20rotations%20within%20the%20Quebrada%20system.%20Evolution%20of%20multi-strand%20RTFs%20may%20have%20resulted%20from%20a%20strong%20three-dimensional%20local%20thermal%20and%20fluid%20effects%2C%20while%20the%20RTFs%20may%20have%20also%20regulated%20regional%20tectonics%2C%20forming%20an%20intricate%20feedback%20system.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20Mid-ocean%20ridge%20transform%20faults%20%28RTFs%29%20are%20plate%20boundaries%20that%20offset%20adjacent%20mid-ocean%20ridges.%20At%20fast%20spreading%20mid-ocean%20ridges%2C%20such%20as%20the%20East%20Pacific%20Rise%20%28EPR%29%2C%20closely%20spaced%2C%20multi-strand%20RTFs%20are%20often%20connected%20by%20two%20or%20more%20short%20intra-transform%20spreading%20centers%20%28ITSCs%29.%20However%2C%20physical%20processes%20accommodating%20plate%20spreading%20along%20such%20multi-strand%20RTF%20systems%20and%20the%20inter-relations%20between%20the%20fault%20system%20and%20the%20tectonic%20dynamics%20are%20not%20well%20understood.%20Quebrada%20is%20one%20of%20such%20multi-strand%20RTFs%20at%20the%20EPR.%20We%20utilize%20seven-month%20seismic%20data%20from%20ocean%20bottom%20seismographs%20of%20a%202008%20experiment%20to%20investigate%20the%20seismotectonics%20of%20the%20region.%20We%20find%20intriguing%2C%20abundant%20seismicity%20on%20one%20of%20the%20fracture%20zones%2C%20contradicting%20the%20traditional%20view%20that%20fracture%20zones%20are%20seismically%20quiescent.%20Further%2C%20we%20identify%20two%20diffuse%20seismicity%20clouds%20penetrating%20the%20uppermost%20mantle%20at%20the%20inside%20corners%20of%20the%20ITSC-transform%20fault%20intersections%2C%20implying%20complex%20interactions%20among%20ITSCs%2C%20transform%20faults%2C%20and%20their%20surrounding%20structure.%20From%20these%20observations%2C%20we%20infer%20that%20there%20are%20rotational%20motions%20within%20the%20Quebrada%20fault%20system%2C%20which%20have%20caused%20slip%20along%20the%20fracture%20zone%20and%20facilitated%20fluid%20circulations%20to%20produce%20deep%2C%20diffuse%20seismicity.%20We%20speculate%20that%20there%20is%20a%20complex%20feedback%20system%20between%20the%20multi-strand%20RTFs%20and%20local%20three-dimensional%20tectonic%20processes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021gl097000%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VD7RWWR8%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-22T23%3A33%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SQWMHYPE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Okuwaki%20and%20Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOkuwaki%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%20%282022%29.%20Oblique%20convergence%20causes%20both%20thrust%20and%20strike-slip%20ruptures%20during%20the%202021%20M%207.2%20Haiti%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2012.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl096373%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl096373%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Oblique%20convergence%20causes%20both%20thrust%20and%20strike-slip%20ruptures%20during%20the%202021%20M%207.2%20Haiti%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20devastating%20magnitude%207.2%20earthquake%20struck%20Southern%20Haiti%20on%2014%20August%202021.%20The%20earthquake%20caused%20severe%20damage%20and%20over%202000%20casualties.%20Resolving%20the%20earthquake%20rupture%20process%20can%20provide%20critical%20insights%20into%20hazard%20mitigation.%20Here%20we%20use%20integrated%20seismological%20analyses%20to%20obtain%20the%20rupture%20history%20of%20the%202021%20earthquake.%20We%20find%20the%20earthquake%20first%20broke%20a%20blind%20thrust%20fault%20and%20then%20jumped%20to%20a%20disconnected%20strike-slip%20fault.%20Neither%20of%20the%20fault%20configurations%20aligns%20with%20the%20left-lateral%20tectonic%20boundary%20between%20the%20Caribbean%20and%20North%20American%20plates.%20The%20complex%20multi-fault%20rupture%20may%20result%20from%20the%20oblique%20plate%20convergence%20in%20the%20region%2C%20so%20that%20the%20initial%20thrust%20rupture%20is%20due%20to%20the%20boundary-normal%20compression%20and%20the%20following%20strike-slip%20faulting%20originates%20from%20the%20Gonave%20microplate%20block%20movement%2C%20orienting%20SW-NE%20direction.%20The%20complex%20rupture%20development%20of%20the%20earthquake%20suggests%20that%20the%20regional%20deformation%20is%20accommodated%20by%20a%20network%20of%20segmented%20faults%20with%20diverse%20faulting%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021gl096373%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IKW4WKC7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gong%20and%20Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGong%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282022%29.%20Seismicity%2C%20Fault%20Architecture%2C%20and%20Slip%20Mode%20of%20the%20Westernmost%20Gofar%20Transform%20Fault.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E127%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB024918%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB024918%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Seismicity%2C%20Fault%20Architecture%2C%20and%20Slip%20Mode%20of%20the%20Westernmost%20Gofar%20Transform%20Fault%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jianhua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022JB024918%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%2C%202169-9356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022JB024918%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-22T17%3A53%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GQ9AM27H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Okuwaki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOkuwaki%2C%20R.%2C%20Hicks%2C%20S.%20P.%2C%20Craig%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Goes%2C%20S.%2C%20Wright%2C%20T.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yagi%2C%20Y.%20%282021%29.%20Illuminating%20a%20contorted%20slab%20with%20a%20complex%20intraslab%20rupture%20evolution%20during%20the%202021%20Mw%207.3%20East%20Cape%2C%20New%20Zealand%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2824%29%2C%2013.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl095117%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl095117%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Illuminating%20a%20contorted%20slab%20with%20a%20complex%20intraslab%20rupture%20evolution%20during%20the%202021%20Mw%207.3%20East%20Cape%2C%20New%20Zealand%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hicks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yagi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20state-of-stress%20within%20subducting%20oceanic%20plates%20controls%20rupture%20processes%20of%20deep%20intraslab%20earthquakes.%20However%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20how%20the%20large-scale%20plate%20geometry%20and%20the%20stress%20regime%20relate%20to%20the%20physical%20nature%20of%20the%20deep%20intraslab%20earthquakes.%20Here%20we%20find%2C%20by%20using%20globally%20and%20locally%20observed%20seismic%20records%2C%20that%20the%20moment%20magnitude%207.3%202021%20East%20Cape%2C%20New%20Zealand%20earthquake%20was%20driven%20by%20a%20combination%20of%20shallow%20trench-normal%20extension%20and%20unexpectedly%2C%20deep%20trench-parallel%20compression.%20We%20find%20multiple%20rupture%20episodes%20comprising%20a%20mixture%20of%20reverse%2C%20strike-slip%2C%20and%20normal%20faulting.%20Reverse%20faulting%20due%20to%20the%20trench-parallel%20compression%20is%20unexpected%20given%20the%20apparent%20subduction%20direction%2C%20so%20we%20require%20a%20differential%20buoyancy-driven%20stress%20rotation%2C%20which%20contorts%20the%20slab%20near%20the%20edge%20of%20the%20Hikurangi%20plateau.%20Our%20finding%20highlights%20that%20buoyant%20features%20in%20subducting%20plates%20may%20cause%20diverse%20rupture%20behavior%20of%20intraslab%20earthquakes%20due%20to%20the%20resulting%20heterogeneous%20stress%20state%20within%20slabs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021gl095117%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293BSS64C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Meng%20and%20Fan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMeng%2C%20H.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%20%282021%29.%20Immediate%20foreshocks%20indicating%20cascading%20rupture%20developments%20for%20527%20M%200.9%20to%205.4%20Ridgecrest%20earthquakes.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2819%29%2C%2013.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl095704%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2021gl095704%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Immediate%20foreshocks%20indicating%20cascading%20rupture%20developments%20for%20527%20M%200.9%20to%205.4%20Ridgecrest%20earthquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20earthquake%20foreshocks%20is%20essential%20for%20deciphering%20earthquake%20rupture%20physics%20and%20can%20aid%20seismic%20hazard%20mitigation.%20With%20regional%20dense%20seismic%20arrays%2C%20we%20identify%20immediate%20foreshocks%20of%20527%200.9%20%3C%3D%20M%20%3C%3D%205.4%20events%20of%20the%202019%20Ridgecrest%20earthquake%20sequence%2C%20including%2048%20earthquakes%20with%20series%20of%20immediate%20foreshocks.%20These%20immediate%20foreshocks%20are%20adjacent%20to%20the%20mainshocks%20occurring%20within%20100%20s%20of%20the%20mainshocks%2C%20and%20their%20P%20waves%20share%20high%20resemblances%20with%20the%20mainshock%20P%20waves.%20However%2C%20attributes%20of%20the%20immediate-foreshock%20P%20waves%2C%20including%20the%20amplitudes%20and%20preceding%20times%2C%20do%20not%20clearly%20scale%20with%20the%20mainshock%20magnitudes.%20Our%20observations%20suggest%20that%20earthquake%20rupture%20may%20initiate%20in%20a%20universal%20fashion%20but%20evolves%20stochastically.%20This%20indicates%20that%20earthquake%20rupture%20development%20is%20likely%20controlled%20by%20fine-scale%20fault%20heterogeneities%20in%20the%20Ridgecrest%20fault%20system%2C%20and%20the%20final%20magnitude%20is%20the%20only%20difference%20between%20small%20and%20large%20earthquakes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2021gl095704%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P2HL6AKB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Okuwaki%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOkuwaki%2C%20R.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Yamada%2C%20M.%2C%20Osawa%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wright%2C%20T.%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Identifying%20landslides%20from%20continuous%20seismic%20surface%20waves%3A%20a%20case%20study%20of%20multiple%20small-scale%20landslides%20triggered%20by%20Typhoon%20Talas%2C%202011.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E226%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20729%26%23x2013%3B741.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggab129%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggab129%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Identifying%20landslides%20from%20continuous%20seismic%20surface%20waves%3A%20a%20case%20study%20of%20multiple%20small-scale%20landslides%20triggered%20by%20Typhoon%20Talas%2C%202011%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Osawa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wright%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Landslides%20can%20cause%20devastating%20damage.%20In%20particular%2C%20heavy%20rainfall-triggered%20landslides%20pose%20a%20chain%20of%20natural%20hazards.%20However%2C%20such%20events%20are%20often%20difficult%20to%20detect%2C%20leaving%20the%20physical%20processes%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%20we%20apply%20a%20novel%20surface-wave%20detector%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20landslides%20during%20the%20transit%20of%20Typhoon%20Talas%202011.%20We%20identify%20multiple%20landslides%20triggered%20by%20Typhoon%20Talas%2C%20including%20a%20landslide%20in%20the%20Tenryu%20Ward%2C%20Shizuoka%20prefecture%2C%20Japan%2C%20similar%20to%20400%20km%20east%20from%20the%20typhoon%20track.%20The%20Tenryu%20landslide%20displaced%20a%20total%20volume%20of%201.2-1.5%20x%2010%286%29%20m%283%29.%20The%20landslide%20is%20much%20smaller%20than%20those%20detected%20by%20using%20globally%20recorded%20surface%20waves%2C%20yet%20the%20event%20generated%20coherent%20seismic%20signals%20propagating%20up%20to%203000%20km%20away.%20Our%20observations%20show%20that%20attributes%20of%20small%20and%20large%20landslides%20may%20follow%20the%20same%20empirical%20scaling%20relationships%2C%20indicating%20possible%20invariant%20failure%20mechanisms.%20Our%20results%20also%20suggest%20an%20alerting%20technology%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20landslides%20with%20a%20sparse%20seismic%20network.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggab129%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22USF9J2FW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Barbour%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Cochran%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lin%2C%20G.%20Q.%20%282021%29.%20Characteristics%20of%20frequent%20dynamic%20triggering%20of%20microearthquakes%20in%20Southern%20California.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E126%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jb020820%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jb020820%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characteristics%20of%20frequent%20dynamic%20triggering%20of%20microearthquakes%20in%20Southern%20California%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cochran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dynamic%20triggering%20of%20earthquakes%20has%20been%20reported%20at%20various%20fault%20systems.%20The%20triggered%20earthquakes%20are%20thought%20to%20be%20caused%20either%20directly%20by%20dynamic%20stress%20changes%20due%20to%20the%20passing%20seismic%20waves%2C%20or%20indirectly%20by%20other%20nonlinear%20processes%20that%20are%20initiated%20by%20the%20passing%20waves.%20Distinguishing%20these%20physical%20mechanisms%20is%20difficult%20because%20of%20the%20general%20lack%20of%20high-resolution%20earthquake%20catalogs%20and%20robust%20means%20to%20quantitatively%20evaluate%20triggering%20responses%2C%20particularly%2C%20delayed%20responses.%20Here%20we%20use%20the%20high-resolution%20Quake%20Template%20Matching%20catalog%20in%20Southern%20California%20to%20systematically%20evaluate%20teleseismic%20dynamic%20triggering%20patterns%20in%20the%20San%20Jacinto%20Fault%20Zone%20and%20the%20Salton%20Sea%20Geothermal%20Field%20from%202008%20to%202017.%20We%20develop%20a%20new%20statistical%20approach%20to%20identify%20triggered%20cases%2C%20finding%20that%20approximately%201%20out%20of%20every%205%20global%20M-w%20%3E%3D%206%20earthquakes%20dynamically%20trigger%20microearthquakes%20in%20Southern%20California.%20The%20triggering%20responses%20include%20both%20instantaneous%20and%20delayed%20triggering%2C%20showing%20a%20highly%20heterogeneous%20pattern%20and%20indicating%20possible%20evolving%20triggering%20thresholds.%20We%20do%20not%20observe%20a%20clear%20peak%20ground%20velocity%20triggering%20threshold%20that%20can%20differentiate%20triggering%20earthquakes%20from%20nontriggering%20events%2C%20but%20there%20are%20subtle%20differences%20in%20the%20frequency%20content%20of%20the%20ground%20motion%20that%20may%20differentiate%20the%20earthquakes.%20In%20contrast%20to%20the%20depth%20distribution%20of%20background%20seismicity%2C%20the%20identified%20triggered%20earthquakes%20tend%20to%20concentrate%20at%20the%20edges%20of%20the%20seismogenic%20zones.%20Although%20instantaneously%20triggered%20earthquakes%20are%20likely%20a%20result%20of%20dynamic%20Coulomb%20stress%20changes%2C%20the%20cases%20of%20delayed-dynamic%20triggering%20are%20best%20explained%20by%20nonlinear%20triggering%20processes%2C%20including%20cyclic%20material%20fatigue%2C%20accelerated%20transient%20creep%2C%20and%20stochastic%20frictional%20heterogeneities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020jb020820%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226PWY7I57%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20McGuire%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282020%29.%20Abundant%20spontaneous%20and%20dynamically%20triggered%20submarine%20landslides%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E47%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl087213%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020gl087213%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Abundant%20spontaneous%20and%20dynamically%20triggered%20submarine%20landslides%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Submarine%20landslides%20that%20occur%20offshore%20are%20common%20along%20the%20U.S.%20continental%20margins.%20These%20mass%20wasting%20events%20can%20trigger%20tsunamis%20and%20hence%20potentially%20devastate%20coastal%20communities%20and%20damage%20offshore%20infrastructure.%20However%2C%20the%20initiation%20and%20failure%20processes%20of%20submarine%20landslides%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20Here%2C%20we%20identify%20and%20locate%2085%20previously%20unknown%20submarine%20landslides%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%20from%202008%20to%202015.%20Ten%20of%20these%20landslides%20failed%20spontaneously%20while%20the%20remaining%2075%20were%20dynamically%20triggered%20by%20passing%20seismic%20surface%20waves%20from%20distant%20earthquakes%20with%20magnitudes%20as%20small%20as%20similar%20to%205.%20Our%20observations%20demonstrate%20ongoing%20submarine%20landslide%20activity%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%20where%20dense%20energy%20industry%20infrastructure%20is%20present%20and%20that%20the%20region%20is%20prone%20to%20secondary%20seismic%20hazard%20despite%20the%20low%20local%20seismicity%20rate.%20Our%20results%20should%20facilitate%20future%20investigations%20to%20identify%20unstable%20offshore%20slopes%2C%20to%20illuminate%20dynamic%20processes%20of%20landslides%2C%20and%20perhaps%20to%20apply%20remote%20detection%20technology%20in%20tsunami%20warning%20systems.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20Landslides%20under%20the%20ocean%20are%20termed%20submarine%20landslides.%20Submarine%20landslides%20can%20pose%20hazards%20to%20coastal%20communities%20and%20offshore%20infrastructure%2C%20including%20triggering%20tsunamis%20and%20damaging%20oil%20platforms%2C%20pipelines%2C%20and%20submarine%20cables.%20These%20devastations%20may%20further%20cause%20environmental%20damages%20such%20as%20oil%20spills.%20Identifying%20these%20landslides%20and%20understanding%20their%20failure%20processes%20have%20both%20societal%20significance%20and%20intellectual%20merit.%20Using%208%20years%20of%20continuous%20seismic%20data%2C%20we%20found%2085%20previously%20unknown%20submarine%20landslides%20in%20the%20Gulf%20of%20Mexico%20from%202008%20to%202015.%20Ten%20of%20these%20landslides%20occurred%20without%20preceding%20earthquakes%20while%20the%20remaining%2075%20were%20triggered%20by%20the%20passing%20seismic%20surface%20waves%20from%20distant%20earthquakes.%20Our%20approach%20suggests%20that%20a%20remote%20detection%20technology%20for%20offshore%20landslides%20could%20be%20applied%20in%20tsunami%20warning%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020gl087213%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-21T00%3A13%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TE9HPHHM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22ten%20Brink%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3Eten%20Brink%2C%20U.%2C%20Wei%2C%20Y.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20Granja-Bru%26%23xF1%3Ba%2C%20J.-L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Miller%2C%20N.%20%282020%29.%20Mysterious%20tsunami%20in%20the%20Caribbean%20Sea%20following%20the%202010%20Haiti%20earthquake%20possibly%20generated%20by%20dynamically%20triggered%20early%20aftershocks.%20%3Ci%3EEarth%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E540%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20116269.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2020.116269%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2020.116269%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mysterious%20tsunami%20in%20the%20Caribbean%20Sea%20following%20the%202010%20Haiti%20earthquake%20possibly%20generated%20by%20dynamically%20triggered%20early%20aftershocks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Uri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22ten%20Brink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jose-Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granja-Bru%5Cu00f1a%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dynamically%20triggered%20offshore%20aftershocks%2C%20caused%20by%20passing%20seismic%20waves%20from%20main%20shocks%20located%20on%20land%2C%20are%20currently%20not%20considered%20in%20tsunami%20warnings.%20The%20M7.0%202010%20Haiti%20earthquake%20epicenter%20was%20located%20on%20land%2027%20km%20north%20of%20the%20Caribbean%20Sea%20and%20its%20focal%20mechanism%20was%20oblique%20strike-slip.%20Nevertheless%2C%20a%20tsunami%20recorded%20on%20a%20Caribbean%20Deep-Ocean%20Assessment%20and%20Reporting%20of%20Tsunami%20%28DART%29%20buoy%20and%20a%20tide%20gauge%20produced%20runup%20heights%20of%201%5Cu20133%20m%20along%20Haiti%20southeast%20coast.%20Earthquake%20finite-fault%20model%20inversions%20of%20the%20DART%20waveform%20suggest%20that%20a%20reverse%20fault%20doublet%20with%20magnitudes%20of%20M6.8%20and%20M6.5%20located%2085%20km%20southwest%20of%20the%20epicenter%20may%20have%20excited%20the%20tsunami.%20This%20doublet%20collocates%20with%20dynamically%20triggered%20aftershocks%2C%20derived%20from%20back-projection%20analysis%2C%20that%20occurred%2020-60%20s%20after%20the%20main%20shock%20of%20the%20Haiti%20earthquake.%20The%20aftershocks%20are%20within%20a%20region%20of%20maximum%20dynamic%20strain%20predicted%20by%20the%20main%20shock%2C%20on%20a%20possibly%20tectonically%20active%20submarine%20ridge%20southwest%20of%20Haiti%27s%20Southern%20Peninsula.%20The%20agreement%20between%20the%20tsunami%20finite-fault%20source%20models%20and%20the%20seismic%20and%20tectonic%20evidence%20suggests%20that%20earthquakes%20on%20land%2C%20even%20strike-slip%20faults%2C%20can%20generate%20tsunamis%20by%20dynamically%20triggering%20offshore%20aftershocks.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.epsl.2020.116269%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220012-821X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NPJBE8L8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Neely%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENeely%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Huang%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20%282019%29.%20Earthquake%20rupture%20characteristics%20along%20a%20developing%20transform%20boundary.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E219%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201237%26%23x2013%3B1252.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggz357%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggz357%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Earthquake%20rupture%20characteristics%20along%20a%20developing%20transform%20boundary%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neely%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20280-km-long%20San%20Cristobal%20Trough%20%28SCT%29%2C%20created%20by%20the%20tearing%20of%20the%20Australia%20plate%20as%20it%20subducts%20under%20the%20Pacific%20Plate%20near%20the%20Solomon%20and%20Vanuatu%20subduction%20zones%2C%20has%20hosted%20strike-slip%20earthquake%20sequences%20in%201993%20and%202015.%20Both%20sequences%2C%20which%20likely%20represent%20a%20complete%20seismic%20cycle%2C%20began%20along%20the%20oldest%20section%20of%20the%20SCT%5Cu2014the%20portion%20farthest%20from%20the%20tear%20that%20has%20experienced%20the%20most%20cumulative%20displacement%5Cu2014and%20migrated%20to%20the%20younger%20sections%20closer%20to%20the%20tear.%20The%20SCT%27s%20abundant%20seismicity%20allows%20us%20to%20study%20transform%20boundary%20development%5Cu2014a%20process%20rarely%20observed%20along%20a%20single%20fault%20system%5Cu2014through%20observations%20of%20earthquake%20rupture%20properties.%20Using%20the%20spectral%20ratio%20method%20based%20on%20empirical%20Green%27s%20functions%20%28EGFs%29%2C%20we%20calculate%20the%20corner%20frequencies%20of%20three%20Mw%20%5Cu223c7%202015%20earthquakes%20and%20colocated%20smaller%20earthquakes.%20We%20utilize%20two%20different%20spectral%20ratio%20stacking%20methods%20and%20fit%20both%20Brune%20and%20Boatwright%20models%20to%20the%20stacked%20spectral%20ratios.%20Regardless%20of%20stacking%20methods%20and%20spectral%20models%2C%20we%20find%20that%20the%20corner%20frequencies%20of%20the%202015%20Mw%20%5Cu223c7%20earthquakes%20decrease%20slightly%20with%20distance%20from%20the%20tear.%20Assuming%20a%20constant%20rupture%20velocity%20and%20an%20omega-square%20spectral%20model%2C%20this%20corner%20frequency%20decrease%20may%20be%20due%20to%20an%20increase%20in%20rupture%20length%20with%20distance%20from%20the%20tear.%20The%20spectrum%20of%20the%202015%20earthquake%20farthest%20from%20the%20tear%20also%20deviates%20from%20the%20omega-square%20model%2C%20which%20may%20indicate%20rupture%20complexity.%20Stress%20drop%20estimates%20from%20the%20corner%20frequencies%20of%20the%202015%20Mw%20%5Cu223c7%20earthquakes%20range%20between%201%20and%207%5Cu00a0MPa%2C%20whereas%20stress%20drop%20estimates%20of%20their%20EGFs%20range%20from%20%5Cu223c0.05%20to%2010%5Cu00a0MPa%20with%20most%20values%20between%200.1%20and%201%5Cu00a0MPa.%20Independent%20evidence%20from%20a%20second%20moments%20analysis%20of%20the%202015%20earthquake%20sequence%20also%20indicates%20a%20possible%20increase%20in%20rupture%20length%20with%20distance%20from%20the%20tear%2C%20confirming%20the%20results%20from%20the%20spectral%20ratio%20analysis.%20We%20also%20observe%20an%20increase%20in%20normalized%20centroid%20time-delay%20values%2C%20a%20first-order%20proxy%20for%20rupture%20behaviour%2C%20with%20distance%20from%20the%20tear%20for%20the%202015%20sequence.%20A%20similar%20trend%20for%20the%201993%20sequence%20suggests%20that%20earthquake%20rupture%20varies%20systematically%20along%20the%20SCT.%20Since%20distance%20from%20the%20tear%20corresponds%20to%20cumulative%20fault%20displacement%2C%20these%20along-strike%20rupture%20variations%20may%20be%20due%20to%20a%20displacement-driven%20fault%20maturation%20process.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggz357%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FIHN3TF8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20McGuire%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20de%20Groot-Hedlin%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Hedlin%2C%20M.%20A.%20H.%2C%20Coats%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fiedler%2C%20J.%20W.%20%282019%29.%20Stormquakes.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019gl084217%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2019gl084217%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Stormquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Groot-Hedlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hedlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coats%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fiedler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Seismic%20signals%20from%20ocean-solid%20Earth%20interactions%20are%20ubiquitously%20recorded%20on%20our%20planet.%20However%2C%20these%20wavefields%20are%20typically%20incoherent%20in%20the%20time%20domain%20limiting%20their%20utilization%20for%20understanding%20ocean%20dynamics%20or%20solid%20Earth%20properties.%20In%20contrast%2C%20we%20find%20that%20during%20large%20storms%20such%20as%20hurricanes%20and%20Nor%27easters%20the%20interaction%20of%20long-period%20ocean%20waves%20with%20shallow%20seafloor%20features%20located%20near%20the%20edge%20of%20continental%20shelves%2C%20known%20as%20ocean%20banks%2C%20excites%20coherent%20transcontinental%20Rayleigh%20wave%20packets%20in%20the%2020-%20to%2050-s%20period%20band.%20These%20%5C%22stormquakes%5C%22%20migrate%20coincident%20with%20the%20storms%20but%20are%20effectively%20spatiotemporally%20focused%20seismic%20point%20sources%20with%20equivalent%20earthquake%20magnitudes%20that%20can%20be%20greater%20than%203.5.%20Stormquakes%20thus%20provide%20new%20coherent%20sources%20to%20investigate%20Earth%20structure%20in%20locations%20that%20typically%20lack%20both%20seismic%20instrumentation%20and%20earthquakes.%20Moreover%2C%20they%20provide%20a%20new%20geophysical%20observable%20with%20high%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20resolution%20with%20which%20to%20investigate%20ocean%20wave%20dynamics%20during%20large%20storms.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2019gl084217%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227RKQNQS8%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%2C%226PESAR7F%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-21T00%3A17%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HJI8LYFS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20Wei%2C%20S.%20S.%2C%20Tian%2C%20D.%2C%20McGuire%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wiens%2C%20D.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Complex%20and%20Diverse%20Rupture%20Processes%20of%20the%202018%20Mw%208.2%20and%20Mw%207.9%20Tonga-Fiji%20Deep%20Earthquakes.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E46%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%202434%26%23x2013%3B2448.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018GL080997%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2018GL080997%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Complex%20and%20Diverse%20Rupture%20Processes%20of%20the%202018%20Mw%208.2%20and%20Mw%207.9%20Tonga-Fiji%20Deep%20Earthquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Shawn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dongdong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Deep%20earthquakes%20exhibit%20strong%20variabilities%20in%20their%20rupture%20and%20aftershock%20characteristics%2C%20yet%20their%20physical%20failure%20mechanisms%20remain%20elusive.%20The%202018%20Mw%5Cu00a08.2%20and%20Mw%5Cu00a07.9%20Tonga-Fiji%20deep%20earthquakes%2C%20the%20two%20largest%20ever%20recorded%20in%20this%20subduction%20zone%2C%20occurred%20within%20days%20of%20each%20other.%20We%20investigate%20these%20events%20by%20performing%20waveform%20analysis%2C%20teleseismic%20P%20wave%20backprojection%2C%20and%20aftershock%20relocation.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20the%20Mw%5Cu00a08.2%20earthquake%20ruptured%20fast%20%284.1%5Cu00a0km%5C%2Fs%29%20and%20excited%20frequency-dependent%20seismic%20radiation%2C%20whereas%20the%20Mw%5Cu00a07.9%20earthquake%20ruptured%20slowly%20%282.5%5Cu00a0km%5C%2Fs%29.%20Both%20events%20lasted%20%3F35%5Cu00a0s.%20The%20Mw%5Cu00a08.2%20earthquake%20initiated%20in%20the%20highly%20seismogenic%2C%20cold%20core%20of%20the%20slab%20and%20likely%20ruptured%20into%20the%20surrounding%20warmer%20materials%2C%20whereas%20the%20Mw%5Cu00a07.9%20earthquake%20likely%20ruptured%20through%20a%20dissipative%20process%20in%20a%20previously%20aseismic%20region.%20The%20contrasts%20in%20earthquake%20kinematics%20and%20aftershock%20productivity%20argue%20for%20a%20combination%20of%20at%20least%20two%20primary%20mechanisms%20enabling%20rupture%20in%20the%20region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2018GL080997%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NGAHFDJV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20de%20Groot-Hedlin%2C%20C.%20D.%2C%20Hedlin%2C%20M.%20A.%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ma%2C%20Z.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Using%20surface%20waves%20recorded%20by%20a%20large%20mesh%20of%20three-element%20arrays%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20disparate%20seismic%20sources.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E215%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20942%26%23x2013%3B958.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy316%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy316%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20surface%20waves%20recorded%20by%20a%20large%20mesh%20of%20three-element%20arrays%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20disparate%20seismic%20sources%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Groot-Hedlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hedlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Surface%20waves%20recorded%20by%20global%20arrays%20have%20proven%20useful%20for%20locating%20tectonic%20earthquakes%20and%20in%20detecting%20slip%20events%20depleted%20in%20high%20frequency%2C%20such%20as%20glacial%20quakes.%20We%20develop%20a%20novel%20method%20using%20an%20aggregation%20of%20small-to%20continental-scale%20arrays%20to%20detect%20and%20locate%20seismic%20sources%20with%20Rayleigh%20waves%20at%2020-50%20s%20period.%20The%20proposed%20method%20is%20a%20hybrid%20approach%20including%20first%20dividing%20a%20large%20aperture%20aggregate%20array%20into%20Delaunay%20triangular%20subarrays%20for%20beamforming%2C%20and%20then%20using%20the%20resolved%20surface%20wave%20propagation%20directions%20and%20arrival%20times%20from%20the%20subarrays%20as%20data%20to%20formulate%20an%20inverse%20problem%20to%20locate%20the%20seismic%20sources%20and%20their%20origin%20times.%20The%20approach%20harnesses%20surface%20wave%20coherence%20and%20maximizes%20resolution%20of%20detections%20by%20combining%20measurements%20from%20stations%20spanning%20the%20whole%20U.S.%20continent.%20We%20tested%20the%20method%20with%20earthquakes%2C%20glacial%20quakes%20and%20landslides.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20the%20method%20can%20effectively%20resolve%20earthquakes%20as%20small%20as%20similar%20to%20M3%20and%20exotic%20slip%20events%20in%20Greenland.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20resolution%20of%20the%20locations%20is%20non-uniform%20with%20respect%20to%20azimuth%2C%20and%20decays%20with%20increasing%20distance%20between%20the%20source%20and%20the%20array%20when%20no%20calibration%20events%20are%20available.%20The%20approach%20has%20a%20few%20advantages%3A%20the%20method%20is%20insensitive%20to%20seismic%20event%20type%2C%20it%20does%20not%20require%20a%20velocity%20model%20to%20locate%20seismic%20sources%2C%20and%20it%20is%20computationally%20efficient.%20The%20method%20can%20be%20adapted%20to%20real-time%20applications%20and%20can%20help%20in%20identifying%20new%20classes%20of%20seismic%20sources.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy316%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227RKQNQS8%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%2C%226PESAR7F%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-18T21%3A56%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J6ZMJR3J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20McGuire%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McGuire%2C%20J.%20J.%20%282018%29.%20Investigating%20microearthquake%20finite%20source%20attributes%20with%20IRIS%20Community%20Wavefield%20Demonstration%20Experiment%20in%20Oklahoma.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E214%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201072%26%23x2013%3B1087.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy203%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy203%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Investigating%20microearthquake%20finite%20source%20attributes%20with%20IRIS%20Community%20Wavefield%20Demonstration%20Experiment%20in%20Oklahoma%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuire%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20earthquake%20rupture%20process%20can%20be%20kinematically%20described%20by%20rupture%20velocity%2C%20duration%20and%20spatial%20extent.%20These%20key%20kinematic%20source%20parameters%20provide%20important%20constraints%20on%20earthquake%20physics%20and%20rupture%20dynamics.%20In%20particular%2C%20core%20questions%20in%20earthquake%20science%20can%20be%20addressed%20once%20these%20properties%20of%20small%20earthquakes%20are%20well%20resolved.%20However%2C%20these%20parameters%20of%20small%20earthquakes%20are%20poorly%20understood%2C%20often%20limited%20by%20available%20data%20sets%20and%20methodologies.%20The%20Incorporated%20Research%20Institutions%20for%20Seismology%20Community%20Wavefield%20Experiment%20in%20Oklahoma%20deployed%20%5Cu223c350%20three-component%20nodal%20stations%20within%2040%5Cu2009km2%20for%20a%20month%2C%20offering%20an%20unprecedented%20opportunity%20to%20test%20new%20methodologies%20for%20resolving%20small%20earthquake%20finite%20source%20properties%20in%20high%20resolution.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20the%20power%20of%20the%20nodal%20data%20set%20to%20resolve%20the%20variations%20in%20the%20seismic%20wavefield%20over%20the%20focal%20sphere%20due%20to%20the%20finite%20source%20attributes%20of%20an%20M2%20earthquake%20within%20the%20array.%20The%20dense%20coverage%20allows%20us%20to%20tightly%20constrain%20rupture%20area%20using%20the%20second%20moment%20method%20even%20for%20such%20a%20small%20earthquake.%20The%20M2%20earthquake%20was%20a%20strike-slip%20event%20and%20unilaterally%20propagated%20towards%20the%20surface%20at%2090%5Cu2009per%5Cu2009cent%20local%20S-wave%20speed%20%282.93%5Cu2009km%5Cu2009s%5Cu22121%29.%20The%20earthquake%20lasted%20%5Cu223c0.019%5Cu00a0s%20and%20ruptured%20Lc%20%5Cu223c70%5Cu00a0m%20and%20Wc%20%5Cu223c45%5Cu00a0m.%20With%20the%20resolved%20rupture%20area%2C%20the%20stress-drop%20of%20the%20earthquake%20is%20estimated%20as%207.3%20MPa%20for%20Mw%202.3.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20maximum%20and%20minimum%20bounds%20on%20rupture%20area%20are%20within%20a%20factor%20of%20two%2C%20much%20lower%20than%20typical%20stress-drop%20uncertainty%2C%20despite%20a%20suboptimal%20station%20distribution.%20The%20rupture%20properties%20suggest%20that%20there%20is%20little%20difference%20between%20the%20M2%20Oklahoma%20earthquake%20and%20typical%20large%20earthquakes.%20The%20new%20three-component%20nodal%20systems%20have%20great%20potential%20for%20improving%20the%20resolution%20of%20studies%20of%20earthquake%20source%20properties.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggy203%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224R7PNFI6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20Shearer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Coherent%20Seismic%20Arrivals%20in%20the%20P%20Wave%20Coda%20of%20the%202012%20M%28w%297.2%20Sumatra%20Earthquake%3A%20Water%20Reverberations%20or%20an%20Early%20Aftershock%3F%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E123%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%203147%26%23x2013%3B3159.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2018jb015573%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2018jb015573%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Coherent%20Seismic%20Arrivals%20in%20the%20P%20Wave%20Coda%20of%20the%202012%20M%28w%297.2%20Sumatra%20Earthquake%3A%20Water%20Reverberations%20or%20an%20Early%20Aftershock%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Teleseismic%20records%20of%20the%202012M%28w%297.2%20Sumatra%20earthquake%20contain%20prominent%20phases%20in%20the%20P%20wave%20train%2C%20arriving%20about%2050%20to%20100s%20after%20the%20direct%20P%20arrival.%20Azimuthal%20variations%20in%20these%20arrivals%2C%20together%20with%20back-projection%20analysis%2C%20led%20Fan%20and%20Shearer%20%28%2C%20%29%20to%20conclude%20that%20they%20originated%20from%20early%20aftershock%28s%29%2C%20located%20approximate%20to%20150%20km%20northeast%20of%20the%20mainshock%20and%20landward%20of%20the%20trench.%20However%2C%20recently%2C%20Yue%20et%20al.%20%28%2C%20%29%20argued%20that%20the%20anomalous%20arrivals%20are%20more%20likely%20water%20reverberations%20from%20the%20mainshock%2C%20based%20mostly%20on%20empirical%20Green%27s%20function%20analysis%20of%20a%20M6%20earthquake%20near%20the%20mainshock%20and%20a%20water%20phase%20synthetic%20test.%20Here%20we%20present%20detailed%20back-projection%20and%20waveform%20analyses%20of%20three%20M6%20earthquakes%20within%20100km%20of%20the%20M%28w%297.2%20earthquake%2C%20including%20the%20empirical%20Green%27s%20function%20event%20analyzed%20in%20Yue%20et%20al.%20%28%2C%20%29.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20waveforms%20of%20three%20M5.5%20reverse-faulting%20earthquakes%20close%20to%20the%20inferred%20early%20aftershock%20location%20in%20Fan%20and%20Shearer%20%28%2C%20%29.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20reverberatory%20character%20of%20the%20anomalous%20arrivals%20in%20the%20mainshock%20coda%20is%20consistent%20with%20water%20reverberations%2C%20but%20the%20origin%20of%20this%20energy%20is%20more%20likely%20an%20early%20aftershock%20rather%20than%20delayed%20and%20displaced%20water%20reverberations%20from%20the%20mainshock.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2018jb015573%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-21T21%3A35%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QER23WE9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Bassett%2C%20D.%2C%20Jiang%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ji%2C%20C.%20%282017%29.%20Rupture%20evolution%20of%20the%202006%20Java%20tsunami%20earthquake%20and%20the%20possible%20role%20of%20splay%20faults.%20%3Ci%3ETectonophysics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E721%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20143%26%23x2013%3B150.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2017.10.003%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2017.10.003%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rupture%20evolution%20of%20the%202006%20Java%20tsunami%20earthquake%20and%20the%20possible%20role%20of%20splay%20faults%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bassett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ji%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%202006%20Mw%207.8%20Java%20earthquake%20was%20a%20tsunami%20earthquake%2C%20exhibiting%20frequency-dependent%20seismic%20radiation%20along%20strike.%20High-frequency%20global%20back-projection%20results%20suggest%20two%20distinct%20rupture%20stages.%20The%20first%20stage%20lasted%20similar%20to%2065%20s%20with%20a%20rupture%20speed%20of%20similar%20to%201.2%20km%5C%2Fs%2C%20while%20the%20second%20stage%20lasted%20from%20similar%20to%2065%20to%20150%20s%20with%20a%20rupture%20speed%20of%20similar%20to%202.7%20km%5C%2Fs.%20High-frequency%20radiators%20resolved%20with%20back-projection%20during%20the%20second%20stage%20spatially%20correlate%20with%20splay%20fault%20traces%20mapped%20from%20residual%20free-air%20gravity%20anomalies.%20These%20splay%20faults%20also%20colocate%20with%20a%20major%20tsunami%20source%20associated%20with%20the%20earthquake%20inferred%20from%20tsunami%20first-crest%20back-propagation%20simulation.%20These%20correlations%20suggest%20that%20the%20splay%20faults%20may%20have%20been%20reactivated%20during%20the%20Java%20earthquake%2C%20as%20has%20been%20proposed%20for%20other%20tsunamigenic%20earthquakes%2C%20such%20as%20the%201944%20Mw%208.1%20Tonankai%20earthquake%20in%20the%20Nankai%20Trough.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.tecto.2017.10.003%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220040-1951%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-13T22%3A18%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KZDLKT23%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20Shearer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282017%29.%20Investigation%20of%20Backprojection%20Uncertainties%20With%20M6%20Earthquakes.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E122%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%207966%26%23x2013%3B7986.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2017jb014495%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2017jb014495%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Investigation%20of%20Backprojection%20Uncertainties%20With%20M6%20Earthquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20investigate%20possible%20biasing%20effects%20of%20inaccurate%20timing%20corrections%20on%20teleseismic%20P%20wave%20backprojection%20imaging%20of%20large%20earthquake%20ruptures.%20These%20errors%20occur%20because%20empirically%20estimated%20time%20shifts%20based%20on%20aligning%20P%20wave%20first%20arrivals%20are%20exact%20only%20at%20the%20hypocenter%20and%20provide%20approximate%20corrections%20for%20other%20parts%20of%20the%20rupture.%20Using%20the%20Japan%20subduction%20zone%20as%20a%20test%20region%2C%20we%20analyze%2046%20M6-M7%20earthquakes%20over%20a%2010year%20period%2C%20including%20many%20aftershocks%20of%20the%202011%20M9%20Tohoku%20earthquake%2C%20performing%20waveform%20cross%20correlation%20of%20their%20initial%20P%20wave%20arrivals%20to%20obtain%20hypocenter%20timing%20corrections%20to%20global%20seismic%20stations.%20We%20then%20compare%20backprojection%20images%20for%20each%20earthquake%20using%20its%20own%20timing%20corrections%20with%20those%20obtained%20using%20the%20time%20corrections%20from%20other%20earthquakes.%20This%20provides%20a%20measure%20of%20how%20well%20subevents%20can%20be%20resolved%20with%20backprojection%20of%20a%20large%20rupture%20as%20a%20function%20of%20distance%20from%20the%20hypocenter.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20backprojection%20is%20generally%20very%20robust%20and%20that%20the%20median%20subevent%20location%20error%20is%20about%2025km%20across%20the%20entire%20study%20region%20%28approximate%20to%20700km%29.%20The%20backprojection%20coherence%20loss%20and%20location%20errors%20do%20not%20noticeably%20converge%20to%20zero%20even%20when%20the%20event%20pairs%20are%20very%20close%20%28%3C20km%29.%20This%20indicates%20that%20most%20of%20the%20timing%20differences%20are%20due%20to%203-D%20structure%20close%20to%20each%20of%20the%20hypocenter%20regions%2C%20which%20limits%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20attempts%20to%20refine%20backprojection%20images%20using%20aftershock%20calibration%2C%20at%20least%20in%20this%20region.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2017jb014495%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-13T22%3A19%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224IGIX8U8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20Shearer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Local%20near%20instantaneously%20dynamically%20triggered%20aftershocks%20of%20large%20earthquakes.%20%3Ci%3EScience%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E353%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286304%29%2C%201133%26%23x2013%3B1136.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aag0013%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fscience.aag0013%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Local%20near%20instantaneously%20dynamically%20triggered%20aftershocks%20of%20large%20earthquakes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aftershocks%20are%20often%20triggered%20by%20static-%20and%5C%2For%20dynamic-stress%20changes%20caused%20by%20mainshocks.%20The%20relative%20importance%20of%20the%20two%20triggering%20mechanisms%20is%20controversial%20at%20near-to-intermediate%20distances.%20We%20detected%20and%20located%2048%20previously%20unidentified%20large%20early%20aftershocks%20triggered%20by%20earthquakes%20with%20magnitudes%20between%20%3E%3D%207%20and%208%20within%20a%20few%20fault%20lengths%20%28approximately%20300%20kilometers%29%2C%20during%20times%20that%20high-amplitude%20surface%20waves%20arrive%20from%20the%20mainshock%20%28less%20than%20200%20seconds%29.%20The%20observations%20indicate%20that%20near-to-intermediate-field%20dynamic%20triggering%20commonly%20exists%20and%20fundamentally%20promotes%20aftershock%20occurrence.%20The%20mainshocks%20and%20their%20nearby%20early%20aftershocks%20are%20located%20at%20major%20subduction%20zones%20and%20continental%20boundaries%2C%20and%20mainshocks%20with%20all%20types%20of%20faulting-mechanisms%20%28normal%2C%20reverse%2C%20and%20strike-slip%29%20can%20trigger%20early%20aftershocks.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fscience.aag0013%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220036-8075%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A55%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LF8QFHES%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20Ji%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bassett%2C%20D.%20%282016%29.%20Multiple%20branching%20rupture%20of%20the%202009%20Tonga-Samoa%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E121%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%205809%26%23x2013%3B5827.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jb012945%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jb012945%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multiple%20branching%20rupture%20of%20the%202009%20Tonga-Samoa%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bassett%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Several%20source%20models%20have%20been%20proposed%20to%20explain%20the%20enigmatic%202009%20Tonga-Samoa%20earthquake.%20The%20long-period%20data%20require%20a%20composite%20source%20model%20and%20can%20be%20fit%20with%20a%20normal-faulting%20subevent%20followed%20by%20one%20or%20more%20reverse-faulting%20subevents.%20The%20short-period%20data%2C%20in%20contrast%2C%20indicate%20a%20more%20compact%20rupture%20pattern%20around%20the%20epicenter.%20The%20lack%20of%20a%20unified%20source%20model%20reflects%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20event.%20We%20analyze%20the%20spatiotemporal%20evolution%20of%20this%20earthquake%20with%20P%20wave%20back-projection%20from%20globally%20distributed%20stations%20in%20different%20frequency%20bands%20%28low%20frequency%3A%200.05-0.2Hz%2C%20high%20frequency%3A%200.2-2Hz%29%20and%20a%20multiple%20moment%20tensor%20inversion.%20The%20rupture%20propagation%20revealed%20by%20back-projection%20exhibits%20frequency-dependent%20behavior%2C%20with%20two%20branches%20of%20high-frequency-enriched%20bilateral%20rupture%20around%20the%20epicenter%20and%20a%20high-frequency-deficient%20rupture%20branch%20at%20the%20subduction%20interface.%20A%20composite%20source%20model%20with%20one%20M%28w%298.0%20normal-faulting%20earthquake%20east%20of%20the%20trench%20axis%20%28seaward%29%20followed%20by%20one%20M%28w%298.1%20reverse-faulting%20earthquake%20along%20the%20subduction%20interface%20west%20of%20the%20trench%20axis%20%28landward%29%20can%20explain%20the%20very%20long%20period%20data%20%28200%20approximate%20to%20500s%29.%20Combined%20with%20high-resolution%20swath%20bathymetry%20data%2C%20the%20back-projection%20images%20show%20that%20the%20azimuth%20of%20rupture%20branches%20east%20of%20the%20trench%20axis%20were%20controlled%20by%20the%20geometry%20of%20bending-related%20faults%20on%20the%20Pacific%20plate%20and%20that%20the%20rupture%20branch%20west%20of%20the%20trench%20axis%20may%20correlate%20with%20the%20along-strike%20fore-arc%20segmentation.%20The%20rupture%20along%20the%20subduction%20interface%20was%20triggered%20by%20the%20seaward%20rupture%20and%20a%20partially%20subducted%20normal%20fault%20may%20have%20played%20a%20key%20role%20in%20facilitating%20the%20triggering.%20The%20apparent%20normal-reverse%20faulting%20interactions%20pose%20a%20higher%20seismic%20risk%20to%20this%20region%20than%20their%20individual%20strands%20at%20the%20northernmost%20corner%20of%20the%20Tonga%20subduction%20zone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jb012945%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9313%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A40%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WAZWFR9W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mai%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMai%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20Schorlemmer%2C%20D.%2C%20Page%2C%20M.%2C%20Ampuero%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Asano%2C%20K.%2C%20Causse%2C%20M.%2C%20Custodio%2C%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Festa%2C%20G.%2C%20Galis%2C%20M.%2C%20Gallovic%2C%20F.%2C%20Imperatori%2C%20W.%2C%20Kaser%2C%20M.%2C%20Malytskyy%2C%20D.%2C%20Okuwaki%2C%20R.%2C%20Pollitz%2C%20F.%2C%20Passone%2C%20L.%2C%20Razafindrakoto%2C%20H.%20N.%20T.%2C%20Sekiguchi%2C%20H.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Zielke%2C%20O.%20%282016%29.%20The%20Earthquake-Source%20Inversion%20Validation%20%28SIV%29%20Project.%20%3Ci%3ESeismological%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E87%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20690%26%23x2013%3B708.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1785%5C%2F0220150231%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1785%5C%2F0220150231%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Earthquake-Source%20Inversion%20Validation%20%28SIV%29%20Project%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schorlemmer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Page%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ampuero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Causse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Custodio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Festa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Galis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallovic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Imperatori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malytskyy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Okuwaki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pollitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Passone%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20N.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Razafindrakoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sekiguchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Song%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20K.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thingbaijam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Twardzik%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Driel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vyas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yagi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zielke%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Finite-fault%20earthquake%20source%20inversions%20infer%20the%20%28time-dependent%29%20displacement%20on%20the%20rupture%20surface%20from%20geophysical%20data.%20The%20resulting%20earthquake%20source%20models%20document%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20rupture%20process.%20However%2C%20multiple%20source%20models%20for%20the%20same%20earthquake%2C%20obtained%20by%20different%20research%20teams%2C%20often%20exhibit%20remarkable%20dissimilarities.%20To%20address%20the%20uncertainties%20in%20earthquake-source%20inversion%20methods%20and%20to%20understand%20strengths%20and%20weaknesses%20of%20the%20various%20approaches%20used%2C%20the%20Source%20Inversion%20Validation%20%28SIV%29%20project%20conducts%20a%20set%20of%20forward-modeling%20exercises%20and%20inversion%20benchmarks.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20describe%20the%20SIV%20strategy%2C%20the%20initial%20benchmarks%2C%20and%20current%20SIV%20results.%20Furthermore%2C%20we%20apply%20statistical%20tools%20for%20quantitative%20waveform%20comparison%20and%20for%20investigating%20source-model%20%28dis%29similarities%20that%20enable%20us%20to%20rank%20the%20solutions%2C%20and%20to%20identify%20particularly%20promising%20source%20inversion%20approaches.%20All%20SIV%20exercises%20%28with%20related%20data%20and%20descriptions%29%20and%20statistical%20comparison%20tools%20are%20available%20via%20an%20online%20collaboration%20platform%2C%20and%20we%20encourage%20source%20modelers%20to%20use%20the%20SIV%20benchmarks%20for%20developing%20and%20testing%20new%20methods.%20We%20envision%20that%20the%20SIV%20efforts%20will%20lead%20to%20new%20developments%20for%20tackling%20the%20earthquake-source%20imaging%20problem.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1785%5C%2F0220150231%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220895-0695%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M2SMBKWK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20Shearer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Fault%20interactions%20and%20triggering%20during%20the%2010%20January%202012%20M-w%207.2%20Sumatra%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201934%26%23x2013%3B1942.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016gl067785%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016gl067785%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fault%20interactions%20and%20triggering%20during%20the%2010%20January%202012%20M-w%207.2%20Sumatra%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%2010%20January%202012%20M-w%207.2%20Sumatra%20earthquake%20in%20the%20Wharton%20basin%20occurred%203months%20before%20the%20great%20M-w%208.6%20and%20M-w%208.2%20earthquakes%20in%20the%20same%20region%2C%20which%20had%20complex%20ruptures%20and%20are%20the%20largest%20strike-slip%20earthquakes%20ever%20recorded.%20Teleseismic%20P%20wave%20back%20projection%20of%20the%20M-w%207.2%20earthquake%20images%20a%20unilateral%20rupture%20lasting%20approximate%20to%2040s%20without%20observable%20frequency%20dependency%20%28low%20frequency%2C%200.05-0.3Hz%2C%20high%20frequency%2C%200.3-1Hz%29.%20In%20addition%20to%20radiation%20bursts%20during%20the%20M-w%207.2%20main%20shock%2C%20coherent%20energy%20releases%20from%2050%20to%2075s%20and%20from%20100%20to%20125s%20are%20observed%20about%20143km%20northeast%20of%20the%20main%20shock%20rupture%20and%20landward%20of%20the%20trench.%20Analysis%20of%20globally%20recorded%20P%20waves%2C%20in%20both%200.02-0.05Hz%20velocity%20records%20and%201-5Hz%20stacked%20envelope%20functions%2C%20confirms%20the%20presence%20of%20coherent%20sources%20during%20the%20time%20windows.%20The%20observed%20energy%20bursts%20are%20likely%20to%20be%20large%20early%20aftershocks%20occurring%20on%20or%20near%20the%20subduction%20interface.%20Both%20dynamic%20and%20static%20triggering%20could%20have%20induced%20these%20early%20aftershocks%2C%20as%20they%20initiated%20after%20the%20surface%20wave%20passed%20by%2C%20and%20the%20Coulomb%20stress%20perturbations%20from%20the%20M-w%207.2%20main%20shock%20promote%20earthquakes%20in%20the%20observed%20locations.%20The%20earthquake%20sequence%20is%20a%20clear%20example%20of%20a%20seaward-intraplate%20strike-slip%20earthquake%20triggering%20landward-intraplate%20earthquakes%20in%20the%20same%20region%2C%20in%20contrast%20to%20previously%20reported%20normal-reverse%20or%20reverse-normal%20interactions%20at%20subduction%20zones.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016gl067785%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A16%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2245LYM7VE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Melgar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMelgar%2C%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Riquelme%2C%20S.%2C%20Geng%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20Liang%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Fuentes%2C%20M.%2C%20Vargas%2C%20G.%2C%20Allen%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fielding%2C%20E.%20J.%20%282016%29.%20Slip%20segmentation%20and%20slow%20rupture%20to%20the%20trench%20during%20the%202015%2C%20M%28w%298.3%20Illapel%2C%20Chile%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20961%26%23x2013%3B966.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl067369%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl067369%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Slip%20segmentation%20and%20slow%20rupture%20to%20the%20trench%20during%20the%202015%2C%20M%28w%298.3%20Illapel%2C%20Chile%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melgar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riquelme%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fuentes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vargas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fielding%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%202015%20M%28w%298.3%20Illapel%2C%20Chile%20earthquake%20is%20the%20latest%20megathrust%20event%20on%20the%20central%20segment%20of%20that%20subduction%20zone.%20It%20generated%20strong%20ground%20motions%20and%20a%20large%20%28up%20to%2011m%20runup%29%20tsunami%20which%20prompted%20the%20evacuation%20of%20more%20than%201%20million%20people%20in%20the%20first%20hours%20following%20the%20event.%20Observations%20during%20recent%20earthquakes%20suggest%20that%20these%20phenomena%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20rupture%20on%20different%20parts%20of%20the%20megathrust.%20The%20deep%20portion%20generates%20strong%20shaking%20while%20slow%2C%20large%20slip%20on%20the%20shallow%20fault%20is%20responsible%20for%20the%20tsunami.%20It%20is%20unclear%20whether%20all%20megathrusts%20can%20have%20shallow%20slip%20during%20coseismic%20rupture%20and%20what%20physical%20properties%20regulate%20this.%20Here%20we%20show%20that%20the%20Illapel%20event%20ruptured%20both%20deep%20and%20shallow%20segments%20with%20substantial%20slip.%20We%20resolve%20a%20kinematic%20slip%20model%20using%20regional%20geophysical%20observations%20and%20analyze%20it%20jointly%20with%20teleseismic%20backprojection.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20shallow%20and%20deep%20portions%20of%20the%20megathrust%20are%20segmented%20and%20have%20fundamentally%20different%20behavior.%20We%20forward%20calculate%20local%20tsunami%20propagation%20from%20the%20resolved%20slip%20and%20find%20good%20agreement%20with%20field%20measurements%2C%20independently%20validating%20the%20slip%20model.%20These%20results%20show%20that%20the%20central%20portion%20of%20the%20Chilean%20subduction%20zone%20has%20accumulated%20a%20significant%20shallow%20slip%20deficit%20and%20indicates%20that%2C%20given%20enough%20time%2C%20shallow%20slip%20might%20be%20possible%20everywhere%20along%20the%20subduction%20zone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015gl067369%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-23T16%3A17%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z6MFZW7U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Denolle%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDenolle%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Dynamics%20of%20the%202015%20M7.8%20Nepal%20earthquake.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2818%29%2C%207467%26%23x2013%3B7475.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl065336%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl065336%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dynamics%20of%20the%202015%20M7.8%20Nepal%20earthquake%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Denolle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%202015%20M7.8%20Nepal%20earthquake%20ruptured%20part%20of%20the%20Main%20Himalayan%20Thrust%20beneath%20Kathmandu.%20To%20study%20the%20dynamics%20of%20this%20event%2C%20we%20compute%20P%20wave%20spectra%20of%20the%20main%20shock%20and%20of%20two%20large%20aftershocks%20to%20estimate%20stress%20drop%20and%20radiated%20energy.%20We%20find%20that%20surface%20reflections%20%28depth%20phases%29%20of%20these%20shallow%20earthquakes%20produce%20interference%20that%20severely%20biases%20spectral%20measurements%20unless%20corrections%20are%20applied.%20Measures%20of%20earthquake%20dynamics%20for%20the%20main%20shock%20are%20within%20the%20range%20of%20estimates%20from%20global%20and%20regional%20earthquakes.%20We%20explore%20the%20azimuthal%20and%20temporal%20variations%20of%20radiated%20energy%20and%20highlight%20unique%20aspects%20of%20the%20M7.8%20rupture.%20The%20beginning%20of%20the%20earthquake%20likely%20experienced%20a%20dynamic%20weakening%20mechanism%20immediately%20followed%20by%20an%20abrupt%20change%20in%20fault%20geometry.%20Correlation%20of%20backprojection%20results%20with%20frequency-dependent%20variations%20in%20the%20radiated%20energy%20rate%20and%20with%20the%20suggested%20geometry%20of%20the%20Main%20Himalayan%20Thrust%20yields%20new%20constraints%20on%20dynamic%20ruptures%20through%20geometrical%20barriers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015gl065336%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A12%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LFST9SGN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20and%20Shearer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Detailed%20rupture%20imaging%20of%20the%2025%20April%202015%20Nepal%20earthquake%20using%20teleseismic%20P%20waves.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2814%29%2C%205744%26%23x2013%3B5752.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl064587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2015gl064587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Detailed%20rupture%20imaging%20of%20the%2025%20April%202015%20Nepal%20earthquake%20using%20teleseismic%20P%20waves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20analyze%20the%20rupture%20process%20of%20the%2025%20April%202015%20Nepal%20earthquake%20with%20globally%20recorded%20teleseismic%20P%20waves.%20The%20rupture%20propagated%20east-southeast%20from%20the%20hypocenter%20for%20about%20160km%20with%20a%20duration%20of%20similar%20to%2055s.%20Backprojection%20of%20both%20high-frequency%20%28HF%2C%200.2%20to%203Hz%29%20and%20low-frequency%20%28LF%2C%200.05%20to%200.2Hz%29%20P%20waves%20suggest%20a%20multistage%20rupture%20process.%20From%20the%20low-frequency%20images%2C%20we%20resolve%20an%20initial%20slow%20downdip%20%28northward%29%20rupture%20near%20the%20nucleation%20area%20for%20the%20first%2020s%20%28Stage%201%29%2C%20followed%20by%20two%20faster%20updip%20ruptures%20%2820%20to%2040s%20for%20Stage%202%20and%2040%20to%2055s%20for%20Stage%203%29%2C%20which%20released%20most%20of%20the%20radiated%20energy%20northeast%20of%20Kathmandu.%20The%20centroid%20rupture%20power%20from%20LF%20backprojection%20agrees%20well%20with%20the%20Global%20Centroid%20Moment%20Tensor%20solution.%20The%20spatial%20resolution%20of%20the%20backprojection%20images%20is%20validated%20by%20applying%20similar%20analysis%20to%20nearby%20aftershocks.%20The%20overall%20rupture%20pattern%20agrees%20well%20with%20the%20aftershock%20distribution.%20A%20multiple-asperity%20model%20could%20explain%20the%20observed%20multistage%20rupture%20and%20aftershock%20distribution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2015gl064587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A13%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B26XFYRC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.-Y.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.-S.%2C%20Tang%2C%20Y.-C.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.-Y.%2C%20Feng.%20Yong-Ge%2C%20Yue%2C%20H.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.-Y.%2C%20Jin%2C%20G.%2C%20Wei%2C%20S.-Q.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.-B.%2C%20Ge%2C%20Z.-X.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ning%2C%20J.-Y.%20%282015%29.%20Crust%20and%20upper%20mantle%20velocity%20structure%20of%20the%20eastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20and%20adjacent%20regions%20from%20ambient%20noise%20tomography.%20%3Ci%3EChinese%20Journal%20Of%20Geophysics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201568%26%23x2013%3B1583.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.6038%5C%2Fcjg20150510%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.6038%5C%2Fcjg20150510%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Crust%20and%20upper%20mantle%20velocity%20structure%20of%20the%20eastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20and%20adjacent%20regions%20from%20ambient%20noise%20tomography%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wen-Yuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yong-Shun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22You-Cai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shi-Yong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng.%20Yong-Ge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hai-Yang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Song-Qiao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yan-Bin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zeng-Xi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie-Yuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ning%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20crust%20structure%20of%20the%20Tibet%20Plateau%20is%20still%20controversial.%20Whether%20there%20is%20a%20partial%20melting%20layer%20in%20the%20anomalously%20thick%20crust%20is%20critical%20to%20understand%20the%20dynamics%20and%20evolution%20history%20of%20the%20formation%20and%20on%20going%20process.%20We%20address%20the%20issue%20with%20robustly%20inverted%20surface%20wave%20and%20shear%20wave%20velocity%20models%20from%20the%20west%20China%20dense%20array%20data.%5CnAmbient%20noise%20tomography%20was%20applied%20to%20obtain%20the%20crust%20and%20upper%20mantle%20velocity%20models%20of%20the%20Tibetan%20Plateau.%20The%20method%20is%20based%20on%20extracting%20Rayleigh%20wave%20phase%20and%20group%20velocity%20dispersion%20curve%20from%20continuous%20waveform%20cross-correlation.%20Our%20data%20comes%20from%20the%20Peking%20University%20seismic%20arrays%2C%20INDEPTH%20IV%20passive%20seismic%20array%2C%20and%20four%20Chinese%20Provincial%20seismic%20networks.%20The%20usable%20data%20was%20collected%20from%2005%2C2007%20to%2012%2C2009.%20The%20long%20time%20span%20assures%20high%20signal%20to%20noise%20ratio%20when%20the%20cross-correlation%20is%20performed.%20We%20extract%20the%20empirical%20Green%27s%20functions%20from%20the%20cross-correlation%20and%20perform%20a%20surface%20wave%20tomography%20inversion%20with%20the%20cross-correlation%20functions.%20With%20the%20phase%20and%20group%20velocity%20models%20from%20the%20previous%20step%2C%20a%203D%20shear%20wave%20velocity%20model%20is%20obtained.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.6038%5C%2Fcjg20150510%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SQ6ZB2KX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Shearer%2C%20P.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Gerstoft%2C%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Kinematic%20earthquake%20rupture%20inversion%20in%20the%20frequency%20domain.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E199%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%201138%26%23x2013%3B1160.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggu319%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggu319%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Kinematic%20earthquake%20rupture%20inversion%20in%20the%20frequency%20domain%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gerstoft%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20develop%20a%20frequency-based%20approach%20to%20earthquake%20slip%20inversion%20that%20requires%20no%20prior%20information%20on%20the%20rupture%20velocity%20or%20slip-rate%20functions.%20Because%20the%20inversion%20is%20linear%20and%20is%20performed%20separately%20at%20each%20frequency%2C%20it%20is%20computationally%20efficient%20and%20suited%20to%20imaging%20the%20finest%20resolvable%20spatial%20details%20of%20rupture.%20We%20demonstrate%20the%20approach%20on%20synthetic%20seismograms%20based%20on%20the%20Source%20Inversion%20Validation%20Exercise%201%20%28SIV1%29%20of%20a%20crustal%20M-w%206.6%20strike-slip%20earthquake%20recorded%20locally.%20A%20robust%20inversion%20approach%20is%20obtained%20by%20applying%20a%20combination%20of%20damping%2C%20smoothing%20and%20forcing%20zero%20slip%20at%20the%20edge%20of%20the%20fault%20model.%20This%20approach%20achieves%20reasonable%20data%20fits%2C%20overall%20agreement%20to%20the%20SIV1%20model%2C%20including%20slip-rate%20functions%20of%20each%20subfault%2C%20from%20which%20its%20total%20slip%2C%20slip%20time%20history%20and%20rupture%20velocity%20can%20be%20extracted.%20We%20demonstrate%20the%20method%27s%20robustness%20by%20exploring%20the%20effects%20of%20noise%2C%20random%20timing%20errors%2C%20and%20fault%20geometry%20errors.%20The%20worst%20effects%20on%20the%20inversion%20are%20seen%20from%20errors%20in%20the%20assumed%20fault%20geometry.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F11%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fgji%5C%2Fggu319%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220956-540X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22EY7L9SEU%22%2C%22JSBRZQUX%22%2C%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-29T22%3A45%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XZMVQVS8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yue%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYue%2C%20H.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%20J.%2C%20Sandvol%2C%20E.%2C%20Ni%2C%20J.%2C%20Hearn%2C%20T.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.%2C%20Feng%2C%20Y.%2C%20Ge%2C%20Z.%2C%20Trujillo%2C%20A.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Jin%2C%20G.%2C%20Jiang%2C%20M.%2C%20Tang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Liang%2C%20X.%2C%20Wei%2C%20S.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Liu%2C%20Z.%20%282012%29.%20Lithospheric%20and%20upper%20mantle%20structure%20of%20the%20northeastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E117%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28B5%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011JB008545%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2011JB008545%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lithospheric%20and%20upper%20mantle%20structure%20of%20the%20northeastern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandvol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hearn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shiyong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zengxi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trujillo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanbin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mingming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Youcai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xiaofeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Songqiao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haiyang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20use%20receiver%20functions%20calculated%20for%20data%20collected%20by%20the%20INDEPTH-IV%20seismic%20array%20to%20image%20the%20three-dimensional%20geometry%20of%20the%20crustal%20and%20upper%20mantle%20velocity%20discontinuities%20beneath%20northeastern%20Tibet.%20Our%20results%20indicate%20an%20average%20crustal%20thickness%20of%2065%20to%2070%5Cu00a0km%20in%20northern%20Tibet.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20observe%20a%2020%5Cu00a0km%20Moho%20offset%20beneath%20the%20northern%20margin%20of%20the%20Kunlun%20Mountains%2C%20a%2010%5Cu00a0km%20Moho%20offset%20across%20the%20Jinsha%20River%20Suture%20and%20gently%20northward%20dipping%20Moho%20beneath%20the%20Qaidam%20Basin.%20A%20region%20in%20the%20central%20Qiangtang%20Terrane%20with%20higher%20than%20normal%20crustal%20Vp%5C%2FVs%20ratio%20of%20%3F1.83%20can%20be%20the%20result%20of%20the%20Eocene%20magmatic%20event.%20In%20the%20Qiangtang%20Terrane%2C%20we%20observe%20a%20significant%20lithospheric%20mantle%20discontinuity%20beneath%20the%20Bangong-Nujiang%20Suture%20at%2080%5Cu00a0km%20depth%20which%20dips%20%3F10%5Cu00b0%20to%20the%20north%2C%20reaching%20%3F120%5Cu00a0km%20depth.%20We%20interpret%20this%20feature%20as%20either%20a%20piece%20of%20Lhasa%20Terrane%20or%20remnant%20oceanic%20slab%20underthrust%20below%20northern%20Tibet.%20We%20detect%20a%20%3F20%5Cu00a0km%20depression%20of%20the%20660-km%20discontinuity%20in%20the%20mantle%20transition%20zone%20beneath%20the%20northern%20Lhasa%20Terrane%20in%20central%20Tibet%2C%20which%20suggests%20this%20phase%20transition%20has%20been%20influenced%20by%20a%20dense%20and%5C%2For%20cold%20oceanic%20slab.%20A%20modest%20%3F10%5Cu00a0km%20depression%20of%20the%20410-km%20discontinuity%20located%20beneath%20the%20northern%20Qiangtang%20Terrane%20may%20be%20the%20result%20of%20localized%20warm%20upwelling%20associated%20with%20small-scale%20convection%20induced%20by%20the%20penetration%20of%20the%20sinking%20Indian%20continental%20lithosphere%20into%20the%20transition%20zone%20beneath%20the%20central%20Tibetan%20Plateau.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%5C%2F05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2011JB008545%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220148-0227%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NGWASFP6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETang%2C%20X.%20Y.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Feng%2C%20Y.%20G.%2C%20Tang%2C%20Y.%20C.%2C%20John%2C%20C.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zhu%2C%20L.%20X.%20%282011%29.%20Phase%20velocity%20tomography%20of%20Rayleigh%20wave%20in%20Xinjiang%20from%20ambient%20noise.%20%3Ci%3EChinese%20Journal%20of%20Geophysics-Chinese%20Edition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%202042%26%23x2013%3B2049.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.011%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phase%20velocity%20tomography%20of%20Rayleigh%20wave%20in%20Xinjiang%20from%20ambient%20noise%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22X.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22John%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Using%20continuous%20data%20from%20Peking%20University%20Yutian%20broadband%20seismic%20array%20and%20Xinjiang%20seismic%20monitoring%20network%2C%20we%20have%20obtained%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20of%20Rayleigh%20wave%20in%20Xinjiang%20area%20between%20periods%2010%20similar%20to%2035%20s%20from%20ambient%20noise.%20The%20results%20correlate%20well%20with%20the%20surface%20geological%20features%2C%20such%20as%20the%20Tien%20Shan%2C%20Tarim%20Basin%20and%20Junggar%20Basin%20are%20well%20depicted%20by%20the%20Rayleigh%20wave%20phase%20velocity%20anomalies.%20The%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20at%2010%20similar%20to%2020%20s%20show%20comparatively%20low%20velocity%20anomalies%20in%20Tarim%20Basin%20and%20Junggar%20Basin%2C%20corresponding%20to%20the%20thick%20sediments.%20From%20intermediate%20periods%20to%20long%20periods%2C%2025%20similar%20to%2035%20s%2C%20the%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20manifest%20clear%20differences%20in%20the%20Eastern%20and%20Western%20Tien%20Shan%20area.%20We%20obtained%20the%20crust%20and%20upper%20mantle%20Rayleigh%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20of%20Xinjiang%20area.%20By%20combining%20the%20traditional%20surface%20wave%20methods%2C%20this%20research%20would%20be%20a%20good%20foundation%20to%20reveal%20the%203D%20shear%20wave%20structure%20of%20this%20area.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Chinese%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.011%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-5733%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZKV6HR9G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETang%2C%20Y.%20C.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%20S.%2C%20Yang%2C%20Y.%20J.%2C%20Ding%2C%20Z.%20F.%2C%20Liu%2C%20R.%20F.%2C%20Feng%2C%20Y.%20G.%2C%20Li%2C%20P.%2C%20Yu%2C%20C.%20Q.%2C%20Wei%2C%20S.%20Q.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.%20Y.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ning%2C%20J.%20Y.%20%282011%29.%20Ambient%20noise%20tomography%20in%20north%20China%20craton.%20%3Ci%3EChinese%20Journal%20of%20Geophysics-Chinese%20Edition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%202011%26%23x2013%3B2022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ambient%20noise%20tomography%20in%20north%20China%20craton%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ding%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ning%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Peking%20University%20deployed%20two%20linear%20arrays%20%28140%20km%20apart%29%20of%2045%20portable%20broadband%20seismometers%20across%20the%20southern%20part%20of%20Shanxi%20Rift%20during%20August%202006%20to%20March%202008.%20Using%20the%20ambient%20noise%20records%20at%20these%20two%20arrays%20and%20some%20stations%20from%20North%20China%20Seismic%20Array%20%28NCSA%29%20of%20the%20Institute%20of%20Geophysics%2C%20China%20Earthquake%20Administration%20%28CEA%29%2C%20permanent%20stations%20from%20Hebei%20Seismological%20Bureau%20and%20Shanxi%20Seismological%20Bureau%2C%20CEA%2C%20China%2C%20we%20obtained%20empirical%20Green%27s%20function%20of%20Rayleigh%20wave%20employing%20the%20cross-correlation%20technique.%20Then%20we%20measured%20group%20velocity%20and%20phase%20velocity%20at%20periods%20from%206%20s%20to%2040%20s%20for%20all%20possible%20station%20pairs.%20The%20results%20of%20tomography%20show%20that%20substantial%20lateral%20variations%20exist%20between%20Ordos%20and%20North%20China%20Basin%20%28NCB%29.%20Sedimentary%20basins%20of%20NCB%20and%20Shanxi%20Rift%20are%20clearly%20imaged%20as%20low%20velocity%20anomalies%20at%20periods%20of%208%20s.%20Low%20group%20velocities%20at%2012%20similar%20to%2020%20s%20and%20phase%20velocities%20at%2012%20similar%20to%2016%20s%20may%20indicate%20a%20low%20velocity%20layer%20in%20the%20upper%20and%20middle%20crust%20beneath%20NCB.%20However%2C%20Ordos%20and%20Taihang%20uplift%20are%20imaged%20as%20high%20velocities%20in%20the%20same%20period%20range.%20The%20rapid%20change%20from%20low%20velocity%20anomaly%20to%20high%20anomaly%20between%2016%20s%20and%2025%20s%20in%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20and%20between%2020%20s%20and%2030%20s%20in%20group%20velocity%20maps%20suggests%20that%20the%20Moho%20depth%20beneath%20NCB%20is%20much%20shallower%20than%20that%20beneath%20Ordos.%20At%20longer%20periods%20%2830%20similar%20to%2040%20s%29%2C%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20show%20that%20the%20velocity%20beneath%20NCB%20is%20lower%20than%20that%20of%20Ordos%2C%20which%20could%20be%20related%20to%20the%20thinning%20of%20lithosphere%20and%20the%20upwelling%20of%20asthenosphere%20beneath%20NCB.%20Datong%20volcanic%20region%20is%20revealed%20as%20low%20velocity%20anomaly%20in%20group%20and%20phase%20velocity%20maps%20from%208%20to%2035%20s%2C%20which%20could%20be%20caused%20either%20by%20high%20temperature%20or%20partial%20melt%20in%20the%20crust%20resulting%20from%20active%20magmatism.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Chinese%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-5733%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UMXE2KBT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22M.%20Jiang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EM.%20Jiang%2C%20S.%20Zhou%2C%20E.%20Sandvol%2C%20X.%20Chen%2C%20X.%20Liang%2C%20Y.%20J.%20Chen%2C%20%26amp%3B%20W.%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E.%20%282011%29.%203-D%20lithospheric%20structure%20beneath%20southern%20Tibet%20from%20Rayleigh-wave%20tomography%20with%20a%202-D%20seismic%20array.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Journal%20International%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E185%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20593%26%23x2013%3B608.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-246X.2011.04979.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-246X.2011.04979.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%223-D%20lithospheric%20structure%20beneath%20southern%20Tibet%20from%20Rayleigh-wave%20tomography%20with%20a%202-D%20seismic%20array%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M.%20Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S.%20Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22E.%20Sandvol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22X.%20Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22X.%20Liang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Y.%20J.%20Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22W.%20Fan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%203-D%20shear%20wave%20velocity%20model%20has%20been%20established%20for%20the%20lithosphere%20of%20southern%20Tibet%20through%20Rayleigh-wave%20tomography.%20The%20teleseismic%20data%20are%20acquired%20from%20a%202-D%20seismic%20array%20selected%20out%20of%20the%20second%20phase%20of%20the%20Hi-CLIMB%20project.%20We%20first%20inverted%20for%20a%202-D%20phase%20velocity%20model%20using%20two-plane-wave%20tomography%20approach%2C%20and%20then%20inverted%20for%20the%203-D%20shear%20wave%20velocity%20model%20with%20the%202-D%20phase%20velocity%20model%20and%20the%20map%20of%20crustal%20thickness%20derived%20from%20receiver%20functions.%20The%20results%20reveal%20a%20pervasive%20low%20velocity%20anomaly%20in%20the%20middle%20crust%20of%20the%20Lhasa%20block.%20We%20interpret%20this%20low%20velocity%20anomaly%20as%20the%20presence%20of%20wholesale%20mid-crustal%20channel%20flow.%20Prominent%20low%20velocity%20anomalies%20from%20the%20lower%20crust%20to%20the%20mantle%20lithosphere%20are%20observed%20along%20the%20north%5Cu2013south%20trending%20rifts%3A%20the%20Tangra%20Yum%20Co%20rift%20and%20the%20Pumqu%20Xianza%20rift.%20We%20propose%20a%20possible%20scenario%20for%20the%20formation%20of%20these%20rifts%3A%20the%20entire%20lithosphere%20is%20involved%20in%20the%20early-stage%20rifting%2C%20while%20the%20late-stage%20rifting%20is%20restricted%20in%20the%20upper%20crust.%20In%20the%20non-rift%20regions%2C%20a%20slab-like%20high%20velocity%20anomaly%20is%20traced%20beneath%20both%20the%20Himalayas%20and%20Lhasa%20block.%20Combining%20all%20the%20observations%2C%20we%20suggest%20that%20the%20central%20part%20of%20southern%20Tibet%20is%20currently%20underlain%20by%20the%20broken%20Indian%20lower%20crust%20and%20mantle%20lithosphere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-246X.2011.04979.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-246X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZRVF7L7G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wei%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWei%2C%20S.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%20J.%2C%20Sandvol%2C%20E.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.%2C%20Yue%2C%20H.%2C%20Jin%2C%20G.%2C%20Hearn%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Jiang%2C%20M.%2C%20Wang%2C%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%2C%20Liu%2C%20Z.%2C%20Ge%2C%20Z.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Feng%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ni%2C%20J.%20%282010%29.%20Regional%20earthquakes%20in%20northern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%3A%20Implications%20for%20lithospheric%20strength%20in%20Tibet.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E37%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2819%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2010GL044800%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2010GL044800%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Regional%20earthquakes%20in%20northern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%3A%20Implications%20for%20lithospheric%20strength%20in%20Tibet%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Songqiao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandvol%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shiyong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hearn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mingming%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jiang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haiyang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wenyuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zengxi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yanbin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yongge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ni%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20total%20of%20400%20regional%20earthquakes%20were%20located%20in%20northern%20Tibetan%20Plateau%20from%20data%20recorded%20by%20INDEPTH-IV%20and%20PKU%20Eastern%20Kunlun%20arrays%20from%20May%202007%20to%20June%202009.%20The%20distribution%20of%20these%20earthquakes%20is%20compatible%20with%20a%20continuously%20deforming%20Tibetan%20lithosphere.%20Most%20earthquakes%20occur%20at%20a%20depth%20range%20of%200-15%20km%2C%20but%20no%20event%20is%20deeper%20than%2030%20km.%20This%20observation%20strongly%20supports%20the%20existence%20of%20a%20hot%20and%20weak%20lower%20crust%20beneath%20the%20northern%20Tibet.%20The%20crustal%20seismogenic%20zone%20appears%20slightly%20thicker%20beneath%20the%20northern%20Tibet%20than%20in%20the%20southern%20plateau%2C%20possibly%20reflecting%20a%20difference%20in%20the%20rheological%20%28dry%20vs.%20wet%29%20structure%20of%20the%20crust.%20The%20absence%20of%20lower%20crustal%20and%20uppermost%20mantle%20earthquakes%20in%20northern%20Tibet%20is%20consistent%20with%20a%20localized%20asthenospheric%20upwelling%20under%20the%20Qiangtang%20and%20Songpan-Ganze%20terranes.%20Finally%2C%20the%20lack%20of%20mantle%20earthquakes%20should%20be%20fully%20addressed%20in%20any%20models%20of%20subduction%20in%20northern%20Tibet.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2010GL044800%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FYVBCF9T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETang%2C%20Y.%20C.%2C%20Feng%2C%20Y.%20G.%2C%20Chen%2C%20Y.%20S.%20J.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.%20Y.%2C%20Ning%2C%20J.%20Y.%2C%20Wei%2C%20S.%20Q.%2C%20Li%2C%20P.%2C%20Yu%2C%20C.%20Q.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3EFan%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20W.%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wang%2C%20H.%20Y.%20%282010%29.%20Receiver%20function%20analysis%20at%20Shanxi%20Rift.%20%3Ci%3EChinese%20Journal%20of%20Geophysics-Chinese%20Edition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%202102%26%23x2013%3B2109.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Receiver%20function%20analysis%20at%20Shanxi%20Rift%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%20S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ning%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Q.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Shanxi%20Rift%2C%20which%20separates%20the%20stable%20Ordos%20Block%20and%20extensional%20North%20China%20Basin%2C%20is%20thought%20to%20have%20resulted%20from%20the%20differential%20extrusion%20of%20Tibean%20Plateau%20between%20the%20North%20and%20South%20China%20blocks.%20During%20August%202006%20to%20March%202008%2C%20Peking%20University%20deployed%20two%20linear%20arrays%20%28140%20km%20apart%29%20of%2045%20portable%20broadband%20seismometers%20across%20the%20southern%20part%20of%20Shanxi%20Rift.%20Slant-stacking%20and%20migration%20images%20of%20receiver%20functions%20reveal%20an%20uplift%20about%204%20similar%20to%206%20km%20of%20the%20Moho%20and%20an%20increase%20of%20the%20V-P%5C%2FV-S%20ratio%20from%20about%201.75%20beneath%20Ordos%20Block%20and%20Taihang%20uplift%20to%202.0%20under%20the%20rift.%20A%20low%20velocity%20layer%20may%20exist%20in%20the%20crust%20beneath%20the%20rift.%20We%20conclude%20that%20Shanxi%20Rift%20has%20accommodated%20much%20of%20the%20difference%20in%20stress%20field%20and%20tectonic%20activity%20between%20Ordos%20and%20North%20China%20Basin.%20We%20also%20observe%20a%20transition%20in%20the%20basin%20formation%20mechanism%20from%20a%20pure-shear%20model%20at%20Linfen%20Basin%20in%20the%20south%20to%20a%20simple-shear%20model%20at%20Taiyuan%20Basin.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Chinese%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3969%5C%2Fj.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-5733%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q8T6WMQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-19T23%3A18%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Anderson, E. C., Parnell‐Turner, R., Sohn, R. A., & Fan, W. (2025). Deformation on Rainbow Massif, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Illuminated With Microearthquakes Detected by Machine Learning. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(2), e2024GL111285. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111285
Kutschera, F., Jia, Z., Oryan, B., Wong, J. W. C., Fan, W., & Gabriel, A. (2024). The Multi‐Segment Complexity of the 2024 MW ${M}_{W}$ 7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquake Governs Tsunami Generation. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(21), e2024GL109790. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109790
Lin, G., & Fan, W. (2024). Spatiotemporal Variations of In Situ V p / V s Ratios During the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence Suggest Fault Zone Condition Changes. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(10), e2024GL109171. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109171
Wong, J. W. C., Fan, W., & Gabriel, A. (2024). A Quantitative Comparison and Validation of Finite‐Fault Models: The 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(10), e2024JB029212. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029212
Fan, W. (2023). Combining Love and Rayleigh waves in detecting and locating seismic sources. Geophysical Journal International, 234(3), 2394–2410. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad250
Jia, Z., Jin, Z., Marchandon, M., Ulrich, T., Gabriel, A.-A., Fan, W., Shearer, P., Zou, X., Rekoske, J., Bulut, F., Garagon, A., & Fialko, Y. (2023). The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, M w 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet. Science, 381(6661), 985–990. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi0685
Gong, J., Fan, W., & Parnell‐Turner, R. (2023). Machine Learning‐Based New Earthquake Catalog Illuminates On‐Fault and Off‐Fault Seismicity Patterns at the Discovery Transform Fault, East Pacific Rise. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 24(9), e2023GC011043. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC011043
DeSalvio, N. D., & Fan, W. (2023). Ubiquitous Earthquake Dynamic Triggering in Southern California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(6), e2023JB026487. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026487
Liu, T., Gong, J., Fan, W., & Lin, G. (2023). In‐Situ V p / V s Reveals Fault‐Zone Material Variation at the Westernmost Gofar Transform Fault, East Pacific Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(3), e2022JB025310. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025310
Shearer, P. M., Meng, H., & Fan, W. (2023). Earthquake Detection Using a Nodal Array on the San Jacinto Fault in California: Evidence for High Foreshock Rates Preceding Many Events. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 128(3), e2022JB025279. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB025279
Luo, X., Fan, W., & Fialko, Y. (2023). A Joint Seismic and Space‐Based Investigation of the 2016 Lamplugh Glacier and 2017 Wrangell Mountains (Alaska) Landslides. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 128(3), e2022JF006903. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006903
Neo, J. C., Fan, W. Y., Huang, Y. H., & Dowling, D. (2022). Frequency-difference backprojection of earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International, 231(3), 2173–2185. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac323
Fan, W. Y., Barbour, A. J., McGuire, J. J., Huang, Y. H., Lin, G. Q., Cochran, E. S., & Okuwaki, R. (2022). Very low frequency earthquakes in between the seismogenic and tremor zones in Cascadia? Agu Advances, 3(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021av000607
Fan, W. Y., Okuwaki, R., Barbour, A. J., Huang, Y. H., Lin, G. Q., & Cochran, E. S. (2022). Fast rupture of the 2009 M-w 6.9 Canal de Ballenas earthquake in the Gulf of California dynamically triggers seismicity in California. Geophysical Journal International, 230(1), 528–541. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac059
Lin, G. Q., HuerFano, V. A., & Fan, W. Y. (2022). Crustal architecture of Puerto Rico using body-wave seismic tomography and high-resolution earthquake relocation. Seismological Research Letters, 93(2A), 555–566. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210223
Gong, J. H., Fan, W. Y., & Parnell-Turner, R. (2022). Microseismicity indicates atypical small-scale plate rotation at the Quebrada Transform Fault System, East Pacific Rise. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(3), 14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097000
Okuwaki, R., & Fan, W. Y. (2022). Oblique convergence causes both thrust and strike-slip ruptures during the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096373
Gong, J., & Fan, W. (2022). Seismicity, Fault Architecture, and Slip Mode of the Westernmost Gofar Transform Fault. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024918
Okuwaki, R., Hicks, S. P., Craig, T. J., Fan, W. Y., Goes, S., Wright, T. J., & Yagi, Y. (2021). Illuminating a contorted slab with a complex intraslab rupture evolution during the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(24), 13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl095117
Meng, H. R., & Fan, W. Y. (2021). Immediate foreshocks indicating cascading rupture developments for 527 M 0.9 to 5.4 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(19), 13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl095704
Okuwaki, R., Fan, W. Y., Yamada, M., Osawa, H., & Wright, T. J. (2021). Identifying landslides from continuous seismic surface waves: a case study of multiple small-scale landslides triggered by Typhoon Talas, 2011. Geophysical Journal International, 226(2), 729–741. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab129
Fan, W. Y., Barbour, A. J., Cochran, E. S., & Lin, G. Q. (2021). Characteristics of frequent dynamic triggering of microearthquakes in Southern California. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 126(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb020820
Fan, W. Y., McGuire, J. J., & Shearer, P. M. (2020). Abundant spontaneous and dynamically triggered submarine landslides in the Gulf of Mexico. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl087213
ten Brink, U., Wei, Y., Fan, W., Granja-Bruña, J.-L., & Miller, N. (2020). Mysterious tsunami in the Caribbean Sea following the 2010 Haiti earthquake possibly generated by dynamically triggered early aftershocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 540, 116269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116269
Neely, J. S., Huang, Y., & Fan, W. (2019). Earthquake rupture characteristics along a developing transform boundary. Geophysical Journal International, 219(2), 1237–1252. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz357
Fan, W. Y., McGuire, J. J., de Groot-Hedlin, C. D., Hedlin, M. A. H., Coats, S., & Fiedler, J. W. (2019). Stormquakes. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084217
Fan, W., Wei, S. S., Tian, D., McGuire, J. J., & Wiens, D. A. (2019). Complex and Diverse Rupture Processes of the 2018 Mw 8.2 and Mw 7.9 Tonga-Fiji Deep Earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(5), 2434–2448. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080997
Fan, W. Y., de Groot-Hedlin, C. D., Hedlin, M. A. H., & Ma, Z. T. (2018). Using surface waves recorded by a large mesh of three-element arrays to detect and locate disparate seismic sources. Geophysical Journal International, 215(2), 942–958. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy316
Fan, W., & McGuire, J. J. (2018). Investigating microearthquake finite source attributes with IRIS Community Wavefield Demonstration Experiment in Oklahoma. Geophysical Journal International, 214(2), 1072–1087. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy203
Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2018). Coherent Seismic Arrivals in the P Wave Coda of the 2012 M(w)7.2 Sumatra Earthquake: Water Reverberations or an Early Aftershock? Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 123(4), 3147–3159. https://doi.org/10.1002/2018jb015573
Fan, W. Y., Bassett, D., Jiang, J. L., Shearer, P. M., & Ji, C. (2017). Rupture evolution of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake and the possible role of splay faults. Tectonophysics, 721, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.003
Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2017). Investigation of Backprojection Uncertainties With M6 Earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 122(10), 7966–7986. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014495
Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2016). Local near instantaneously dynamically triggered aftershocks of large earthquakes. Science, 353(6304), 1133–1136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0013
Fan, W. Y., Shearer, P. M., Ji, C., & Bassett, D. (2016). Multiple branching rupture of the 2009 Tonga-Samoa earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 121(8), 5809–5827. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb012945
Mai, P. M., Schorlemmer, D., Page, M., Ampuero, J. P., Asano, K., Causse, M., Custodio, S., Fan, W. Y., Festa, G., Galis, M., Gallovic, F., Imperatori, W., Kaser, M., Malytskyy, D., Okuwaki, R., Pollitz, F., Passone, L., Razafindrakoto, H. N. T., Sekiguchi, H., … Zielke, O. (2016). The Earthquake-Source Inversion Validation (SIV) Project. Seismological Research Letters, 87(3), 690–708. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150231
Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2016). Fault interactions and triggering during the 10 January 2012 M-w 7.2 Sumatra earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(5), 1934–1942. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl067785
Melgar, D., Fan, W. Y., Riquelme, S., Geng, J. H., Liang, C. R., Fuentes, M., Vargas, G., Allen, R. M., Shearer, P. M., & Fielding, E. J. (2016). Slip segmentation and slow rupture to the trench during the 2015, M(w)8.3 Illapel, Chile earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(3), 961–966. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067369
Denolle, M. A., Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2015). Dynamics of the 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(18), 7467–7475. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065336
Fan, W. Y., & Shearer, P. M. (2015). Detailed rupture imaging of the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake using teleseismic P waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(14), 5744–5752. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064587
Fan, W.-Y., Chen, Y.-S., Tang, Y.-C., Zhou, S.-Y., Feng. Yong-Ge, Yue, H., Wang, H.-Y., Jin, G., Wei, S.-Q., Wang, Y.-B., Ge, Z.-X., & Ning, J.-Y. (2015). Crust and upper mantle velocity structure of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions from ambient noise tomography. Chinese Journal Of Geophysics, 58(5), 1568–1583. https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg20150510
Fan, W. Y., Shearer, P. M., & Gerstoft, P. (2014). Kinematic earthquake rupture inversion in the frequency domain. Geophysical Journal International, 199(2), 1138–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu319
Yue, H., Chen, Y. J., Sandvol, E., Ni, J., Hearn, T., Zhou, S., Feng, Y., Ge, Z., Trujillo, A., Wang, Y., Jin, G., Jiang, M., Tang, Y., Liang, X., Wei, S., Wang, H., Fan, W., & Liu, Z. (2012). Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008545
Tang, X. Y., Fan, W. Y., Feng, Y. G., Tang, Y. C., John, C. Y., & Zhu, L. X. (2011). Phase velocity tomography of Rayleigh wave in Xinjiang from ambient noise. Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition, 54(8), 2042–2049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.011
Tang, Y. C., Chen, Y. S., Yang, Y. J., Ding, Z. F., Liu, R. F., Feng, Y. G., Li, P., Yu, C. Q., Wei, S. Q., Fan, W. Y., Wang, H. Y., Zhou, S. Y., & Ning, J. Y. (2011). Ambient noise tomography in north China craton. Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition, 54(8), 2011–2022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.008
M. Jiang, S. Zhou, E. Sandvol, X. Chen, X. Liang, Y. J. Chen, & W. Fan. (2011). 3-D lithospheric structure beneath southern Tibet from Rayleigh-wave tomography with a 2-D seismic array. Geophysical Journal International, 185(2), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04979.x
Wei, S., Chen, Y. J., Sandvol, E., Zhou, S., Yue, H., Jin, G., Hearn, T. M., Jiang, M., Wang, H., Fan, W., Liu, Z., Ge, Z., Wang, Y., Feng, Y., & Ni, J. (2010). Regional earthquakes in northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for lithospheric strength in Tibet. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(19). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044800
Tang, Y. C., Feng, Y. G., Chen, Y. S. J., Zhou, S. Y., Ning, J. Y., Wei, S. Q., Li, P., Yu, C. Q., Fan, W. Y., & Wang, H. Y. (2010). Receiver function analysis at Shanxi Rift. Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition, 53(9), 2102–2109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.010